唐代社会生活考论下载_香料与唐代社会生活

  本文关键词：香料与唐代社会生活，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

香料与唐代社会生活

香料与唐代社会生活

唐代政治稳定、经济繁荣、交通便利、对外政策宽容友好,国内南北交流和对外经济文化交流迅速发展。在唐代繁荣的社会形势下,秦汉以来逐渐形成的香文化在唐代得到了充分发展。唐代是中国香文化发展史上不可忽视的阶段,为唐以后香文化的成熟和完备奠定了基础。唐代香料品种繁多,外来香料基本上都已传入并为唐人所认识。据统计主要有沉香、紫藤香、榄香、樟脑、苏合香、安息香、爪哇香、乳香、没药、丁香、青木香、广藿香、茉莉油、玫瑰香水、郁金香、阿末香、降真香等品种。香料是唐代许多州郡的土贡产品,其中麝香是最为普遍的土贡产品。但是,大部分香料,尤其是质量上乘的香料主要是依靠胡商在华经营香料贸易。因此,香料买卖市场在唐代一些大城市,如广州、扬州、南海、洛阳初步形成。中国用香的历史久远,可以追溯到先秦时期我国先民使用天然草本植物香料。秦汉以来,外来香料输入中国,薰香风气在上层社会流行开来,人们对香料也有了进一步认识。魏晋南北朝时期出现多种香料复合而成的合香,中国香文化在这一阶段得到了初步发展。但是,隋唐之前,香料对上层社会来说还是稀罕之物,普通官宦无缘享用。唐代,香料不只是少数上层贵族才有条件享用的稀有之物,从帝王到普通士大夫对香料的钟爱,可以说是到了如痴如醉的地步。香料是他们生活中不可缺少的常用物,甚至成为社会地位的象征。世俗生活方面,香料在菜肴酒酿、美容装饰、衣服被褥、家居庭院、疗病医方都发挥了重要作用。宗教生活方面,唐代是佛教发展的繁荣阶段,来自香国的佛教用香仪式被道教、祭祀所借鉴、吸收,佛、道信徒修炼、礼拜、法事活动处处有香料的影子。其中国忌行香是唐代上层社会最主要的宗教用香活动。到盛唐阶段,随着上层社会对异国香料的追求和佛教日益中国化、世俗化,用香之风呈现下移趋势,这为宋代香料大量走进广大社会阶层的日常生活准备了条件。唐代香料不仅种类丰富、用途广泛,而且香品制作技术有了长足发展。从香品形态看,有香膏、香饼、香粉、香脂、香丸、香水；从使用策略看,有涂敷、内服、佩戴、焚烧等。香品功用更为多样化、细致化,而且同种用途的香品也有多种,不同的配方,其香料品种,用量都颇为讲究。其中,印香、香炷是唐代香品的新潮流,隔火薰香是新的焚香方式。香料在唐代世俗生活和宗教活动的方方面面应用之广,是前代无法匹敌的。这一方面丰富了唐人的物质生活,提高了生活品质,也为唐人带去了精神慰籍。文人在其中起了很大的推动作用,他们不仅仅把香料作为吟咏的对象,而且将雅致、细腻的审美情趣赋予了香料唯美色彩和意象。这无疑推动了唐代用香由物质享受上升为精神享受。但是,香料大量进入上层社会生活,无疑也助长了唐代贵族奢侈、比富的世风。

【Abstract】 The resson which The Tang society had made the great development,shoud owe to stable political, economic prosperity, convenient transportation and friendly foreign policy. So economic and cultural exchange developed rapidly between China and other countries. Qin and Han culture of spice had gradually been fully developed in the Tang Dynasty. Tang could not be ignored in the history of cultural development.It promoted the mature and completed culture of the Song Dynasty.Tang Dynasty had a wide variety of spices. Exotic spices had been imported and were basically known for the Chinese. Sinensis, wisteria, lam incense, camphor, styrax, benzoin, java, incense, frankincense, myrrh, cloves, green woods, patchouli, jasmine oil, rose water, tulips, Ahmad incense, incense and other spices.Spices were a number of gun Tang tribute soil products, musk was the most common product of soil tribute. But,most of the spices, especially the high quality of spices were mainly obtained by foreigner trading business in China. Therefore, the spice market shaped in the major cities in the Tang Dynasty, such as Guangzhou, Yangzhou, South China, Luoyang.The history of using spice was long in china, back to the Qin Dynasty used natural herbs spices. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, foreign spice entered China, and incense in the upper atmosphere of the community became popular, people also had a better understanding of spices. Wei had compounded all kinds of spices. Culture of spice was in the initial stages of development. However, before the Sui and Tang, spices on the upper class was still rare things, ordinary elite government officials was not shared. Spices were not only enjoyed by a small number of upper class. From the emperor to ordinary scholar’s loved the spices. Spices were common things in their life, and even become a symbol of social status.On secular life, spices had played an important role in the dishes to drink, cosmetic decoration, clothing, bedding, home garden, the medical treatment and disease.On religious life, Buddhism was developing prosperly in the Tang Dynasty, from Buddhist country with incense, incense ceremony was absored by Taoism and Sacrifice.Buddhism and Taoism’s practice, worship and ritual activities used spicesthe everywhere. In the Tang period, with the pursuit of the exotic spices of the upper class and Chinese Buddhism, incense was showing downward trend.Spices were not only variety, versatility, but also incense making techniques had come a long way. The form from the incense a perfume, incense cakes, powder, balm, Pill, perfume; from the use of view, a coating, oral, wear, incineration. Incense was more diverse functions, detailed oriented, and the same kinds of spices were also many different formulations. Among them, seal and incense stick were new trend, fire perfume is the new way of incense.Spices played an important role in many aspects of daily life of the Tang Dynasty.,which not only enriched Tang Dynasty lords’material life, but also enriched their spiritual and cultural life. Scholars have played a significant role in promoting. They not only objected of the spice as a chant, but also gave more aesthetic colors and images. It promoted the use of incense from up to the spirit of enjoyment of material comforts.But, it also contributed to nobles luxury.

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  本文关键词：香料与唐代社会生活，，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。