漕运水手行帮兴起的历史考察

发布时间：2018-05-06 09:40

本文选题：清代漕运 + 行帮　；参考：《中国社会经济史研究》2013年01期

【摘要】：在专制王朝时代,相当一段时间内,漕运的劳动组织是通过专制政府佥派民役乃至直接使用军队进行的,参与漕运的劳动者直接或间接地承担了漕粮运输的全部费用,是他们千方百计试图逃避的民役和兵役。在这种劳役制度下,并不存在以雇佣劳动者为主体的漕运水手行帮兴起的历史条件。到了清代,由于传统徭役性质的民运、军运难以为继,参与漕运的船工水手成员相当部分成了雇佣劳动者,与掌握漕运主要生产资料——船只的军丁官吏产生特殊的雇佣关系,繁重的劳动强度与微薄工价的尖锐矛盾、船工水手之间就业的互相竞争,到康熙年间,在漕运水手中终于出现了盘根错节的行帮组织。而罗教在漕运头舵水手中的广泛传播及其与漕运包工雇佣制度的结合,则构成了苦力型漕运水手行帮组织的基本特色。
[Abstract]:In the era of the autocratic dynasty, for a considerable period of time, the labor organization of the canal transport was carried out through the despotic government's legitimate dispatch of the people and even the direct use of the army, and the workers involved in the transport of the grain directly or indirectly bore the full cost of the transportation of grain and grain. It was the civil service and military service they tried to escape. In this system of servitude, there is no historical condition for the rise of the sailor gang with wage workers as the main body. In the Qing Dynasty, because of the traditional corvee of the people's movement, the military transport was difficult to carry on, and a considerable proportion of the sailors and sailors involved in the canal transport became wage labourers, and had a special employment relationship with the military officials who had mastered the main means of production of the water transport-the ships. The sharp contradiction between the heavy labor intensity and the meagre wage, the competition between the shipmen and sailors, to the Kangxi years, finally appeared in the hands of the water transport interlocking line organizations. The widespread dissemination of Luojiao in the hands of water transportation and its combination with the employment system of water transport contractors constituted the basic characteristics of the organization of the coolie water transport sailor.
【作者单位】：上海师范大学人文学院;
【分类号】：K249;F552.9

【共引文献】