《明孝宗实录》研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 23:45

  本文选题：明孝宗实录 + 奏疏　； 参考：《南开大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：《明孝宗实录》是按时间顺序记载关于明孝宗在位时期(成化二十三年八月至弘治十八年五月)历史的编年体文献。正德元年(第1506年)始修,正德四年(第1509年)修成。全书共二百二十四卷,卷帙浩繁,内容丰富,是了解和研究该时期历史最重要的资料。该书收载了大量的奏疏,编写了很多人物传记,同时还记录了该时期制定的典章制度及发生的各类事件。其中《明孝宗实录》奏疏收录有一定标准,关涉国体、皇帝者入录,或条议可行、有裨益者亦入录。其奏疏摘录的优长之处非常明显,首先数量庞大,内容丰富,系时明确,对奏疏的处理意见记载完备等。但亦有不足之处,与相关明人文集等收录奏疏对比,发现有些奏疏漏载;有些奏疏只摘大要,具体内容失详;甚至有记载错误者等,需要借助其他文献进行补充与校正。《明孝宗实录》所载已殁大臣、勋戚等传记数量可观,其撰写根据异常丰富,包括前朝实录,传主的行状、墓志、神道碑,传主生前所著书信、文章及该书编纂前已出版的传主文集等。《明孝宗实录》根据传主的不同情况,对资料进行筛选,并进行精细的删削与润色,最终形成了具有自身特色之记述风格。其所撰传记有较为稀见者,成为《国朝献征录》、《本朝分省人物考》、《罪惟录》、《明史》等所载传记的资料来源。其评价传主较墓志碑铭等或更客观、准确,但亦有误记者,甚至有刻意诋毁或过度夸赞传主者,当加以甄别。《明孝宗实录》记载事件详略随宜,有大书、详录者,如册封太子、出征御敌、审理大狱等大事;有略书、概述者,如文武百官考满升迁、外藩朝贡回赏、遣官祭祀等常例。另外通过追述等方式处理相关事件之间的关系,前后照应。除了按时间编排各个事件外,还集中记载某些事件发生的原因、过程与结果。通过与当事人所撰亲历史书等相关文献对比,发现《明孝宗实录》某些记载,为他书所缺载或不详,记载准确度较高。其不足之处在于事件之记载有失误、失当者,亦有失详者,需进行补充与校正。《明孝宗实录》书出众手,加之现今仅有抄本传世,难免存在某些错误之处,故极有必要对其全部记载进行辨误、纠误。本文在对该书进行全面详细辨误的基础上,选其重要或比较重要者,将其所载错误进行分类,举例说明并分析其致误原因。其类别包括人名错误、地名错误、时间错误、官职名称错误、数字错误、事件记载错误以及文句中的讹字、脱字、衍字等。通过对《明孝宗实录》编纂的研究及对其史实记载的辨误,发现该书之编纂为历史文献编纂学提供了重要的启示。首先其编纂过程具有很多值得借鉴之处,包括编纂官史学涵养较高、编纂成员分工明确、凡例规定的撰写领域明确而广泛、叙述手法多样。但也存在某些不足,使编纂质量的提高仍有一定空间,需要后人引以为戒。例如《明孝宗实录》凡例规定缺乏细则,对编纂者的史德要求未作特别提出,编纂官临时组织任命,且时有调动,皆有碍高质量历史文献的撰写。另外,撰成后未出精刊本,造成存世者皆为手抄本,导致出现错字、脱字、衍字以及字迹模糊等现象。
[Abstract]:"Ming piety Zong real record" is a chronological record of the chronology of the history of the emperor of Ming piety (twenty-three years from August to May). The first year of Zheng de (1506th years) was established, and it was established for four years (1509th years). A total of two hundred and twenty-four volumes of the book are numerous and rich in content. It is the most important to understand and study the history of this period. The book contains a lot of memorials, compiling a lot of biographies, and recording the system and various events that have been made in this period. Obviously, the first number is large, the content is rich, the Department is clear and the records of the memorials are well documented. But there are also shortcomings, and there are some omissions in the collection of memorials from the related people's collections. Some of the memorials only pick up the major, the specific contents are missing, and even those who have recorded the errors need to be supplemented and corrected with the help of other documents. The number of biographies, such as the Minister of the Minister of Ming Xiao Zong, is considerable, and his writing is based on abnormally abundant biographies such as the previous dynasty, the epitaph, the monument, the letter of the master, the article and the published essays before the compilation of the book. Finely cut and embellish and eventually form a narrative style with its own characteristics. To destroy or excessively praise the master, when it is screened. The records of the Ming piety are detailed and detailed, and there are large books and detailed records, such as the prince, the imperial enemy, and the great prison. In addition to the chronological arrangement of various events, the reasons for the occurrence of certain events, the process and the results are also recorded. By comparing with the relevant documents of the history books written by the parties, it is found that the record of "Ming piety" is more accurate. If there is a mistake, the lost person, and the missing person, it is necessary to make a supplement and correction. Classifying the errors, illustrating and analyzing the causes of errors, including the name error, the place name error, the time error, the error of the official name, the error of the number, the error in the record of the events, the misword in the text, the degenerate and the derivations, etc.. The book is found by the study of the compilation of the Ming piety record and the error of the historical records. The compilation process has provided important enlightenment for the compilation of historical documents. First, the compilation process has a lot to learn from, including the high cultivation of the historiography of the codification officer, the clear division of the codification of the members, the clear and extensive field of writing, and the variety of narrative techniques. However, there are some shortcomings, which still have a certain space for the improvement of the quality of the compilation. For example, the later generations are quoted as caution. For example, the fact records of "Ming piety" are lack of rules and regulations, the requirements of the historian's history and virtue are not specially proposed, the temporary organization of the codification officer is appointed, and the time has been transferred, which hinders the writing of high quality historical documents. The phenomenon of blurred handwriting.

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K248
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本文编号：1854461