宋代杭州寺院研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 12:46

本文选题：宋代 + 杭州　；参考：《上海师范大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 两宋是中国佛教转折的重要时期,僧官制、度牒制、敕额制日渐完备,佛教完全纳入国家政权控制之下,呈现出世俗化、平民化特点。近年来宋代佛教研究日益引起学界关注,并取得了较多成果。然宋代寺院研究相对较少。寺院作为佛教发展的主要载体,既是僧众修行的重要场所,也是联系不同社会群体的重要纽带,其修建和发展过程与社会现实密切相关,故以寺院为研究为中心,探讨佛教与社会之间的关系,无疑是一个新的研究视角。本文以两宋杭州寺院为研究对象,在梳理寺院发展的历史背景和社会条件的基础上,对其地理分布、修建和破坏情况、建筑设施及布局、建设依靠力量以及诸社会阶层与寺院之间的关系等问题进行了分析。本文以传统的历史学、文献学研究方法为基础,侧重于史料的甄别和历史过程的考察,注重探讨两宋杭州寺院发展变迁的历史进程及原因,在此基础上结合社会学和宗教学理论,力图从实证中提取观点和认识,虽不求也不可能做到“重建过去如当时发生一样”,但仍努力“于史实中求史识”,以求对认识中国古代的国家与社会、政策与现实、世俗与宗教等问题提供一个新的视角。首先,本文从历史时段和地域空间两个角度,对宋代杭州寺院发展的历史背景、政策环境进行了总体考察和分析,意在说明南宋时期杭州成为全国佛教中心并非单一的动因,而是政治环境、佛教政策、文化传统、社会经济等多种因素共同作用的结果。其次,通过对南宋杭州寺院地理分布的特点及其原因分析,以及寺院的创建和破坏情况梳理,藉以说明自然地理因素、社会发展水平和人的内心需求诸因素对寺院存在和发展具有重要影响。再次,通过对宋代杭州寺院的内部设施梳理及寺院建筑布局分析,力图展示宋代寺院建筑布局与佛教发展时代特点之间的关系,并对僧人在寺院建设中的主导作用进行分析。最后,通过梳理宋代杭州寺院与诸社会阶层之间的互动关系,探讨两宋皇室及官僚与杭州寺院关系的诸多异同。以上考察和分析表明,杭州作为吴越首府和南宋都城期间,是其寺院建设最为迅速的两个时期,其佛教中心地位的最终确立,与此关系密切。两宋时期,中央佛教政策变化不大,但两宋杭州寺院修建状况却截然不同,这足以说明政治权力是影响寺院建设和佛教发展的关键力量。僧人是寺院建设的主导力量,其个人素质和表现,对寺院的兴衰发展影响重大。宋代杭州寺院建筑设施及布局变化、不同社会阶层与寺院之间的相互关系,表明宋代寺院的独立性已基本消失,佛教寺院形态的中国化、世俗化基本完成。
[Abstract]:The two song was an important period for the turning of Chinese Buddhism. The monks and officials system, the system and the system of edict were becoming more and more complete. Buddhism was fully brought under the control of the state power. The study of Buddhism in the Song Dynasty attracted more and more attention in the academic circles and achieved more achievements in recent years. However, there were relatively few studies on the monasteries in the Song Dynasty. As a Buddhist development, the monastery was developed as a Buddhist. The main carrier is not only an important place for the Buddhist monks to practice, but also an important link to the different social groups. The construction and development process is closely related to the social reality. Therefore, the study of monasteries as the center and the discussion of the relationship between Buddhism and society is undoubtedly a new research perspective.
On the basis of combing the historical background and social conditions of the development of the monasteries in the two Song Dynasty, this paper analyses the geographical distribution, construction and destruction, the construction facilities and layout, the strength of the construction and the relationship between the social strata and the monasteries. This article is based on the traditional history and literature research. On the basis of the method, we focus on the screening of historical materials and the investigation of historical process, and pay attention to the historical process and reasons of the development and changes of the monasteries in Hangzhou in the two Song Dynasty. On this basis, we combine sociology and the theory of religion to extract views and understanding from the empirical study. In order to provide a new perspective for understanding ancient China's state and society, policies and reality, secular and religious issues, we should strive to "seek historical knowledge in historical facts".
First, from two angles of historical period and regional space, this paper makes a general investigation and analysis of the historical background and policy environment of the development of the Hangzhou temple in the Song Dynasty. It is intended to explain that Hangzhou became a national Buddhist Center in the Southern Song Dynasty, but not the single motive, but the political environment, the Buddhist policy, the cultural tradition, the social economy and other factors together. Secondly, through the analysis of the characteristics and causes of the geographical distribution of the Hangzhou monasteries in Southern Song Dynasty, as well as the creation and destruction of the monasteries, this paper shows that the factors of natural geography, the level of social development and the inner needs of people have an important influence on the existence and development of the monasteries. Again, through the internal establishment of the temple of the Song Dynasty in Hangzhou. The relationship between the architectural layout of the monasteries and the characteristics of the times of the development of Buddhism in the Song Dynasty and the leading role of the monks in the construction of the monasteries were analyzed. Finally, the relationship between the monasteries of Hangzhou and the social strata of the Song Dynasty was combed, and the relations between the royal family and the bureaucrats in the two Song Dynasty and the temple of Hangzhou were discussed. Many similarities and differences.
The above investigation and analysis showed that Hangzhou, as the capital of Wu Yue and the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, was the two most rapid period in the construction of its monasteries, and the final establishment of its Buddhist Center was closely related. In the period of the two Song Dynasty, the central Buddhist policy changed little, but the construction of the temple of Hangzhou in the two Song Dynasty was completely different, which was enough to explain the political power. The key force affecting the construction of monasteries and the development of Buddhism. Monks are the leading forces in the construction of monasteries. Their personal qualities and performance have great influence on the prosperity and decline of the monasteries. The changes in the building facilities and layout of the monasteries in Hangzhou in the Song Dynasty, the relationship between the different social strata and the monasteries, show that the independence of the monasteries in the Song Dynasty has basically disappeared, the Buddhist temple The form of the courtyard is sinicization, and the secularization is basically completed.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K244

【引证文献】