孔子弟子与鲁国政治

发布时间：2018-05-18 19:01

本文选题：孔子学说 + 孔子弟子　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 孔子创立的儒家学说具有强烈的忧患意识和积极的救世精神，原始儒学的这种品质决定了它自产生之日起就必然要与现实政治发生密切联系。以孔子弟子为代表的早期儒家致力于孔子学说的传播与弘扬，努力推进孔子学说与政治实践的结合，不仅使儒学被确立为鲁国的治国指导思想，而且还开创了道德指导政治的成功范例。孔子学说能够最终能够获得鲁国官方的认可，首先应归功于孔子弟子对乃师学说坚持不懈的大力弘扬。孔子本人虽然在政治上不得志，，把弟子培养成为一支信仰自己学说的坚定的行道队伍，却是他在政治上取得的最大成功。其次则是基于特定的历史条件和社会环境，迫使鲁国不得不有意识地维护其礼乐传统，从而为孔子弟子参政和推行孔子学说创造了条件。孔子弟子在试图改变鲁国现状的同时，也不可避免地受到鲁国政治与社会的影响。对孔子学说体认的差异以及个人政治倾向的不同，致使孔子弟子在对现实政治的看法与解决社会危机的主张上产生了巨大的分歧，他们也因此分化为两个相异的派别：主张道德政治的德治派与坚持现实利益的事功派。由于这两个派别分别认同并依附于鲁国公室与卿大夫两大政治集团，他们各自的政治命运自然也就同这两股相互敌对的政治势力之间的消长起伏紧密地联系在了一起。事功派在三桓没落之后，他们富国强兵的治国主张随之化为泡影，而德治派则经过长期不懈的努力与艰难曲折的斗争，终于取得了最后的胜利。德治派按照儒家模式进行的社会改革，成为孔子学说在鲁国被确立为治国指导思想的标志。
[Abstract]:The Confucian theory founded by Confucius has a strong sense of suffering and a positive spirit of saving the world. This quality of primitive Confucianism determines that it must be closely related to realistic politics from the day it came into being. The early Confucianists represented by Confucius disciples devoted themselves to the spread and promotion of Confucius doctrine and tried hard to promote the combination of Confucius doctrine and political practice, which not only made Confucianism established as the guiding ideology of governing the country of Lu. It also created a successful example of morality-guiding politics. Confucius theory can finally get the official approval of Lu, first of all, the Confucius disciple unswervingly carried forward the doctrine of Nai Shi. Although Confucius himself did not succeed in politics, it was his greatest success in politics to cultivate his disciples into a firm team of Taoists who believed in his own doctrine. Secondly, based on the specific historical conditions and social environment, Lu had to consciously maintain its tradition of ritual and music, thus creating conditions for Confucius disciples to participate in politics and carry out Confucius doctrine. While trying to change the status quo of Lu, Confucius disciples were inevitably influenced by Lu's politics and society. The difference in understanding of Confucius doctrine and personal political tendency led Confucius disciples to have great differences in their views on realistic politics and their opinions on resolving the social crisis. As a result, they split into two different schools: the moral political school and the practical interest school. As the two factions identified with and attached to the two political groups of Lu and Qing, their respective political destinies were naturally closely related to the ups and downs between these two opposing political forces. After three hindrances, the idea of rich country and strong army fell to nothing, and the rule of virtue school finally won the final victory after a long and unremitting effort and arduous struggle. The social reform of the rule of virtue school in accordance with the Confucian model became the symbol of the guiding ideology of governing the country established by Confucius in the State of Lu.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K225

【引证文献】