魏晋士大夫玄儒兼治研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 17:50

本文选题：魏晋 + 士大夫　；参考：《扬州大学》2005年博士论文

【摘要】：魏晋玄学是中国古代思想史上重要阶段,六朝时期士大夫个体思想的突出特征是玄风炽盛,但是同时传统儒家的伦理教化原则以及人生处世政治规范,并非衰竭无所作为,而是与玄学风度共同存在于知识分子意识形态世界,指导他们或进或隐、或有为或无为的出处立身选择,实现玄儒融合。不仅如此,这一过程进而丰富充实了旧的儒家思想体系,玄学作为新道家的发挥形式为孔孟之道维护封建统治提供了独特的理论论证,为士大夫坚守的传统儒家阵地创造了更大的生活回旋空间。简而言之,通过士大夫玄儒兼治的理论探索与生活实践,在汉末陷入困境的儒学重新再次焕发生机。尽管经过六朝思想融合之后的新儒家增添了活力与张力,可以从思想史发展的内在逻辑脉络得以说明,但是追究士大夫个体思想细节的思考以及言行出处的政治作为,确实能够发现玄学与儒学基本原则从尖锐对立矛盾到理论有机融合,并在东晋南朝付诸现实生活,为铸造士大夫进退有度,执著不为的超越精神人格所发挥的复杂作用。本文以历史时间为顺序,着重就魏晋时期士大夫并蓄儒道的思想接受过程进行研究,努力揭示这个视角下玄儒思想在不同时期体现的对立融合状态,并且以前后相承的内在贯穿性论述,从一个侧面展现六朝儒家与道家思想渗透交织的流变。本文分为七个部分,除了绪论简述六朝以前儒道关系,分别具体从曹魏到东晋按照朝代以及思想重要发展时期截取代表人物进行分析,并且有意识地根据逻辑脉络将他们作适当的详略顺序安排。五章章目分别是:曹魏时期名士的儒道兼治;正始名士:名教出于自然;竹林名士:越名教而任自然;西晋时期士大夫的玄儒兼治;东晋时期士大夫的玄儒兼治。结语部分是关于魏晋士大夫玄儒兼治的历史评价,以及随之形成的影响,包括了南朝宋、齐、梁、陈四代士大夫的玄儒兼治情况。绪论。先秦时期,儒道两家思想对立且有渗透的状态,早期儒家向道家汲取了部分思想来充实发展自己,而道家也有利用儒家思想作为阐述自己学理的论据材料。这是六朝士大夫玄儒并治的理论渊源,包含了原始儒家与道家思想一些本质共融之处,他们都是力图为理想的人生与社会做完美的设计。两汉时期,黄老之学短暂享有尊崇地位,其后儒学“独尊”的近四百年中,道家思想并没有就此止息,而是始终作为权威意识形态的对立面顽强存在。曹魏时期名士的儒道兼治。这是道家思想逐渐兴盛进入社会主流思潮的开端。仲长统的《昌言》思想非儒入道的异端一面比较接近魏晋名士及其玄学:刘劭《人物志》所论圣人“中庸至德”在形名之学上体现出了综合儒道思想的特征。三国荆州学派追求简约自然的儒道兼融倾向,在经学研究方面影响王肃儒道兼治思想集中在《周易注》和《孔子家语注》,体现为援道释儒的义理化倾向和道末儒本的兼治理路,他会通孔老的理论与实践提出了魏晋玄学统一名教和自然的中心课题。以裴徽、傅嘏、苟粲、钟会为代表的早期名士所论从“言意之辨”到“本末有无”,在方法论和具体演进方向上已经指明正始玄学道路,并由此营造出会通孔老的高潮趋势。正始名士:名教出于自然。正始名士主要是夏侯玄、何晏和王弼。夏侯玄为世人剧赏的“格量弘济”、“文质更用”人格魅力,乃是道家气质与儒家风范的结合。具有
[Abstract]:The metaphysics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties is an important stage in the history of ancient Chinese thought. The prominent feature of the individual thought of the scholar bureaucrats in the Six Dynasties is the inability of the mysterious wind, but at the same time, the traditional Confucian ethical principles and the political norms of life are not exhaustion and inaction, but they lie with the metaphysics in the ideological world of the intellectuals and guide them or to guide them. Not only so, this process has enriched the old Confucian ideological system, and the metaphysics, as a new Taoist form, provides a unique theoretical argument for the maintenance of feudal rule by Confucius and Mencius, and has created a greater number of traditional Confucian positions held by the scholar officials. In short, through the theoretical exploration and life practice of the scholar bureaucrats and Confucianism, the Confucianism, which has fallen into trouble at the end of the Han Dynasty, is re radiant. Although the new Confucianism after the fusion of the Six Dynasties adds vigor and tension to the development of the thought history, it can be explained in the logical context of the development of the thought history, but the scholar officials are investigated. The thinking of individual thought details and the political action of words and deeds can indeed find the complex role of metaphysics and the basic principles of Confucianism from sharp opposing contradictions to theory, and in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties to put into practice in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties. In order to study the ideological acceptance process of the scholar bureaucrats and Confucian Taoism in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, try to reveal the contradictory and fusion state embodied in the different periods from this angle of view, and show the flow of the Confucian and Taoist thoughts of the Six Dynasties from one side.
This article is divided into seven parts, in addition to the introduction of the Confucian and Taoist relations before the Six Dynasties, respectively from the Cao Wei to the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the important period of development of the thought to intercept the representative figures, and consciously according to the logical vein to make them a proper and detailed sequence arrangement. The five chapter is the Confucianism and Taoism of the famous scholar in the period of the Wei Dynasty and the Wei Dynasty. The famous scholar: the famous scholar: the name religion is out of nature; the famous scholar of the bamboo forest: the name of the scholar and the nature; the scholar bureaucrat's metaphysics and treatment in the Western Jin period; the historical evaluation of the scholar bureaucrats in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The conclusion is about the historical evaluation of the scholar bureaucrats in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, as well as the consequent influence, including the metaphysics and Confucianism of the scholars of the Southern Dynasties, song, Qi, Liang and Chen four Dai scholar officials. Situation.
Preface. In the pre Qin period, Confucianism and Taoism had a state of opposites and penetrations. Early Confucianism drew some ideas from Taoism to enrich themselves, while Taoism also used Confucianism as an argument material to explain his theory. This is the theoretical source of Confucianism and Confucianism in the Six Dynasties, including the original Confucian and Taoist ideas. They all tried to make a perfect design for the ideal life and society. In the Han Dynasty, the school of Huang Lao enjoyed a respecting position briefly. In the last four hundred years, the Taoist thought did not stop, but it always existed as the opposite of the authority ideology.
The Confucianism, Taoism and governance of the famous men in Cao Wei period. This is the beginning of the Taoist thought gradually flourishing into the mainstream of the social trend of thought. The Jingzhou school pursues the simple and natural Confucianism, Taoism and blending tendency. In the study of Confucian classics, the thought of Wang Su Confucianism and governance is concentrated in the book of Zhouyi and the note of Confucius's family, which is embodied in the sense of rationalization and the way of Confucianism in the end of Taoism. He will put forward the center of Wei and Jin metaphysics and the center of the unification of Buddhism and nature through the theory and practice of Confucius On the basis of Pei Hui, Fu, Fu can and Zhong Hui, the early celebrities represented by Zhong Hui from "the discrimination of words and meanings" to "the end of the book" have pointed out the road of metaphysics in the methodology and the specific direction of evolution, and thus create the high tide trend of the old age.
The famous scholar: the name teaches out of nature. The main name of the famous scholar is Xiahou Xuan, he Yan and Wang Bi. Xiahou Xuan is the world drama appreciation "the quantity Hongji", "the literary quality is more used" the personality charm, is the combination of the Taoist temperament and the Confucian style.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K235

【引证文献】