明后期海外贸易的探讨

发布时间：2018-05-31 00:34

本文选题：后期海 + 外贸易　；参考：《复旦大学》2005年博士论文

【摘要】：宗教因素和和追求财富为近代欧洲海外扩张的驱动力。葡萄牙人在1511年来到东亚,1554-7年租借澳门,以此为基地将中国商品销往日本、欧洲和菲律宾;西班牙于1565年开始在菲律宾进行殖民,中国—西属菲律宾—西属美洲的贸易往来,始自1572年;荷兰东印度公司成立于1602年,1619年将公司总部迁到巴达维亚,1624年占领台湾,对中国和日本的贸易为其在亚洲最重要的两条贸易线。另一方面,中国在1567年开海禁,民间的海上贸易因之日益兴旺。 16世纪中叶起,日本和西属美洲陆陆续续发现了大银矿;随着商品经济的发达,中国亟需白银作为大额和远距交易的货币。因此,明后期中国的海外贸易获得很大发展,价廉物美的中国商品(特别是生丝和丝织品)流向日本、西属美洲、欧洲,大量白银流入中国。当时江南是中国最重要的丝绸产地。传统上,巨量白银流入中国以及可观的江南丝绸输出对中国的发展产生重要影响。例如国外一些学者认为明末的货币危机(全球性经济萧条导致中国对外贸易萎缩引起的白银输入大幅减少)为明朝灭亡的一个决定性因素。另外,中国资本主义萌芽问题长久以来引起国内学者诸多探讨;中国丝织业在明后期产生了萌芽,为1990年以前多数学者的共识。本研究首先探讨明后期的海外贸易,特别是17世纪上半叶。接下来检视明末是否发生货币危机,以及白银输入减少与明朝在1644年的灭亡间的关连。最后,探究丝绸的海外需求对江南丝织业的发展扮演何种角色。主要发现如下:第一、明末中国并未发生「17世纪货币危机」;第二、丝绸的海外市场对江南丝绸产业的发展,产生了和国内市场同等重要的拉力;第三、海外贸易对当时中国的「剧情主线」几无影响。
[Abstract]:Religious factors and the pursuit of wealth were the driving forces of overseas expansion in modern Europe. The Portuguese came to East Asia in 1511 to lease Macau in 1554-7, as a base to sell Chinese goods to Japan, Europe and the Philippines; Spain began to colonize the Philippines in 1565 and trade between China and the Western Philippines and the Spanish Americas. Founded in 1602, the Dutch East India Company moved its headquarters to Badawi Asia in 1619 and occupied Taiwan in 1624. Trade with China and Japan was its two most important trade lines in Asia. On the other hand, China opened the sea in 1567, which led to the prosperity of private maritime trade. Since the middle of the 16th century, Japan and Western America have been discovering large silver mines, and with the development of commodity economy, China urgently needs silver as a currency for large and long-distance transactions. As a result, China's overseas trade developed greatly in the late Ming Dynasty, with cheap Chinese goods (especially raw silk and silk) flowing to Japan, Western America, Europe, and a large amount of silver flowing into China. At that time Jiangnan was the most important place of silk production in China. Traditionally, the huge amount of silver flowing into China and the considerable export of Jiangnan silk have an important impact on the development of China. For example, some foreign scholars believe that the currency crisis in the late Ming Dynasty (the sharp decrease in silver imports caused by the contraction of China's foreign trade due to the global economic depression) was a decisive factor in the demise of the Ming Dynasty. In addition, the budding problem of capitalism in China has long been discussed by domestic scholars, and the sprouting of Chinese silk industry in the late Ming Dynasty is the consensus of most scholars before 1990. This study first explores overseas trade in the late Ming Dynasty, especially in the first half of the 17 th century. Then examine whether there was a currency crisis in the late Ming Dynasty, and the link between the decline in silver imports and the demise of the Ming Dynasty in 1644. Finally, to explore the role of silk overseas demand on the development of Jiangnan silk industry. The main findings are as follows: first, there was no "17th century currency crisis" in China at the end of the Ming Dynasty; second, the overseas market of silk produced as important a pull as the domestic market to the development of the silk industry in the south of the Yangtze River. Overseas trade had little effect on China's "plot line" at that time.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K248.3

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