先秦至六朝时期的罪与罚

发布时间：2018-06-06 11:03

本文选题：罪 + 命运　；参考：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2015年01期

【摘要】：本文拟从整体上观察先秦至魏晋南北朝时期人们如何处理罪与罚的问题,从而探究中国人关于罪与罚的意识。先秦时期有个观念:上天根据人的品德而给予长短的寿命;也有个观念:自己的命运是早已因祖先行为的善恶而决定。到两汉时期就明确存在"罪"的观念,反省自身、感到自己有罪的情况,在汉代是很普遍的。祖先的罪过影响到自己,这样的看法比以前明显得多。关于"罪"的内容在文学作品当中虽不太多见,但在班固的《幽通赋》中能够看到,这很值得注意。可知当时人们认为,由于祖先的行为,自己出生时就背负了不幸和罪恶。在南北朝时期,所谓六朝志怪小说中,也包含了与罪过有关的、关于祖先与自己关系的观念。为什么大多汉代文学作品中几乎找不到"罪"的内容?尤其是诗中基本上见不到"罪",大概是因为诗这一文体有它自己的规则禁忌,即诗中不应表现这样关于"罪"的问题。《为焦仲卿妻作》等乐府民歌中时常出现"罪",这个事实也证明上面推测还是有合理性的。
[Abstract]:This paper intends to observe how people handled the problem of crime and punishment from pre-Qin to Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties, so as to explore the consciousness of Chinese people about crime and punishment. There was an idea in the pre-Qin period that God gave a long life according to the character of man, and that his destiny was already determined by the good and evil of his ancestors. In the Han Dynasty, the concept of "crime" existed clearly, reflected on oneself and felt guilty, which was very common in the Han Dynasty. It is much more obvious than ever that the sins of ancestors affected themselves. Although the content of "sin" is not much seen in literary works, it can be seen in Ban Gu's Fu of Youtong, which is worthy of attention. At that time, people believed that due to the behavior of their ancestors, they were born with misfortune and sin. In the Southern and Northern dynasties, the novels of the six dynasties also contain the concept of the relationship between the ancestors and themselves. Why is it that most of the literature works of the Han Dynasty can hardly find the content of "crime"? In particular, there is basically no "sin" in poetry, probably because poetry has its own rules and taboos. In other words, the question of "sin" should not be shown in poetry. "sin" is often found in folk songs of Yuefu such as "making for Jiao Zhongqing's wife", which also proves that the above speculation is reasonable.
【作者单位】：神户大学人文学研究科;
【分类号】：K22

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