论明代中国的有限开放性

发布时间：2018-06-14 15:21

本文选题：明代 + 有限开放　；参考：《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年04期

【摘要】：明朝初年的"海禁"是针对倭寇侵扰而行的国防政策,不是对外总体国策。明代官、私皆有很大对外贸易量。明朝通过朝贡关系保持与周边国家往来,主要体现出当时中国非孤立立国的方式。明代正值欧洲国家在新航路开辟之后对亚洲积极殖民、贸易的时代,欧洲东来各国拖动中国深深卷入了全球性贸易体系。白银、火器、玉米等西方事物进入中国,推动了中国货币财政体制和战争方式的变化,以及生产力水平和人口数量的上升。耶稣会士进入中国,促成了中欧两大文明体系间空前深入且再未中断的交流,既丰富了中国文化,也影响了欧洲的人文景观。明代中国还通过陆路与中亚多国保持政治、贸易往来。综合而言,明代中国不是停滞的社会,也不是封闭的社会,应归纳为有限开放的社会。这种有限开放性是当时中国帝制农商社会基本特质在对外关系方面合乎逻辑的体现。
[Abstract]:The "sea ban" in the early Ming Dynasty was a national defense policy against Japanese invasion, not a general foreign policy. Ming Dynasty officials, private have a large volume of foreign trade. The Ming Dynasty maintained relations with neighboring countries through tributary relations, mainly reflecting the non-isolated way that China established a state at that time. The Ming Dynasty coincided with a period of active colonization of Asia by European countries after the opening of new routes, and the era of trade, when the countries from Europe dragged China deeply into the global trading system. The introduction of silver, firearms and corn into China has driven changes in China's monetary and fiscal systems and war patterns, as well as an increase in productivity and population. The Jesuits' entry into China brought about an unprecedented and uninterrupted exchange between the two civilizations of China and Europe, which enriched Chinese culture and affected the cultural landscape of Europe. In the Ming Dynasty, China also maintained political and trade ties with many countries in Central Asia by land. Generally speaking, China in Ming Dynasty is not a stagnant society, nor a closed society, it should be summed up as a limited open society. This limited openness was the logical embodiment of the basic characteristics of Chinese imperial agribusiness society in foreign relations at that time.
【作者单位】：东北师范大学亚洲文明研究院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“十五至十九世纪世界变迁中的中国社会发展模式研究”(09BZS004)
【分类号】：K248

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