宋金交聘制度研究（1127-1234）

发布时间：2018-06-14 17:38

本文选题：南宋 + 金朝　；参考：《复旦大学》2005年博士论文

【摘要】：史家多将两宋与辽、金的对峙,称为中国史上的第二次南北朝时期。南宋与金的对峙中,虽然在军事上弱于金朝,但依然有与金相抗衡的实力。宋金交聘的制度化就是这种实力的体现。研究宋金关系的一个传统视点是宋金和战,而对宋金和平时期的交往较少著意。在宋金相对峙的百余年间,除不多的几年外,其他时间都有使者往来。宋金交战之时,有通问使、祈请使;和好之时有生辰使、正旦使。因此宋金之间的聘使往来,是宋金关系史研究中重要一环。本论文由引言、正文、附录三部分组成。引言主要介绍了论文的选题意义、前人研究评述、基本概念、研究方法及创新之处。论文的正文共分五章。第一章对宋金交聘的背景进行了分析。宋辽关系对宋金关系产生了最直接的影响。因此首先回顾了宋辽对等关系的发展,然后以南宋人对“澶渊之盟”的评论为例,论证了大多数南宋人还是从现实出发,给予宋辽关系较高的评价。其次,论述了传统的朝贡体系无论在思想上还是现实政策上,对南宋人都会产生一定影响。第二章对南宋聘使制度进行深入研究,重视了不同时期,南宋聘使制度的变更现象。首先弄清了南宋的聘使机构设置,然后对南宋国信使的种类、使团的人员构成、国信礼物、使团的走私问题及宋金交聘的礼仪、国书等诸问题进行论述。第三章对不同时期国信使节进行了群体性研究,以探讨宋聘使之特点。首先考察了建炎年间及绍兴初年使副的身份,发现,他们多是布衣小臣。这有悖于国信使副由有出身、有才望之人担当的常规。而这种奇怪的象现与当时的宋金关系的大背景密不可分。其次考察了高宗一朝所遣使节与秦桧的关系,这些使节多与秦桧有关联,或为僚属,或为同乡,或为同党,或为亲戚。秦桧利用他们控制了外交。最后对南宋宰执的出使经历作了调查,发现许多宰执都有出使经历。第四章对金朝的聘使制度进行了论述。观其聘使制度,如使节名目、接待礼仪虽大体承辽宋旧制,但涉及一些具体问题,则可发现,金的聘使制度与辽更为接近。第五章对涉及宋金交聘的部分史料进行专题研究。首先对宋人使金国信“语录”进行研究。国信语录是宋辽、宋金交聘的产物。“语录”中主要报告使节出使时的酬答情况,附带记载所经路途及该地风土人情,以备朝廷参考,在宋金交聘研究中,史料价值非常大。因此有必要对使金国信“语录”进行全面的调查。其次,对《金史·交聘表》进行了补正。《金史·交聘表》记载了金朝自收国元年与宋、西夏、高丽三国或往来,或交战的史实,但对金世宗以前的宋金聘使往来记载疏略。笔者利用宋人所载,补正《金史·交聘表》,得百余条。为方便本论文的写作,笔者翻阅大量文献,将宋金双方的国信使节往来情况进行收集、整理成《南宋国信使表》及《金朝国信使表》二表,附于论文之后。
[Abstract]:Historians called the confrontation between Song and Liao and Jin dynasties the second Southern and Northern dynasties in Chinese history. In the confrontation between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, although the military was weaker than the Jin Dynasty, it still had the strength to compete with the metallography. The institutionalization of the Song and Jin dynasties is the embodiment of this strength. One of the traditional viewpoints to study the relationship between Song and Jin Dynasty is the Song and Jin Dynasty, but it has little intention for the peaceful period of Song and Jin dynasties. During the more than 100 years of confrontation in Song Dynasty, except for a few years, there were emissaries at other times. When the Song and Jin dynasties were at war, there were inquiries and prayers; when peace was made, there were birthdays and Zhengdan envoys. Therefore, the engagement between the Song and Jin dynasties is an important link in the history of the Song and Jin dynasties. This thesis consists of three parts: introduction, text and appendix. The introduction mainly introduces the significance of the topic, the former research review, the basic concept, the research method and the innovation. The text of the thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter analyzes the background of the Song and Jin dynasties. The relationship between Song and Liao had the most direct influence on the relationship between Song and Jin Dynasty. Therefore, this paper reviews the development of the Song and Liao reciprocal relations, and then, taking the comments of the Southern Song Dynasty on "Chanyuan League" as an example, demonstrates that most of the Southern Song Dynasty people still give a higher evaluation of the Song and Liao relations from the reality. Secondly, it discusses that the traditional tributary system has a certain influence on the people of the Southern Song Dynasty in both ideology and practical policy. The second chapter makes an in-depth study on the appointment system of the Southern Song Dynasty and pays attention to the change of the appointment system of the Southern Song Dynasty in different periods. At first, it makes clear the establishment of the appointment institution of the Southern Song Dynasty, and then discusses the types of the post, the composition of the mission personnel, the gift of Guoxin, the smuggling of the mission, the etiquette of the Song and Jin Dynasty, the letter of the Nation and so on. The third chapter makes a group study on the envoys of Guoxin in different periods in order to explore the characteristics of Song Pin. First of all, I investigated the Jianyan years and Shaoxing early years of the official's identity, found that most of them are cloth clothes minister. This is contrary to the rule that the courier of a country is served by a man of birth and talent. This strange phenomenon was closely related to the background of the Song-Jin relationship at that time. Secondly, it examines the relationship between Qin Hui and the envoys sent by Gao Zong. Most of these envoys are related to Qin Hui, who belong to his staff, his hometown, his party or his relatives. Qin Hui used them to control diplomacy. Finally, the emissary experience of the Southern Song Dynasty was investigated, and many of them had the experience of emissary. Chapter four discusses the appointment system of Jin Dynasty. According to its appointment system, such as the name of envoy, although the reception etiquette generally inherited the old system of Liao and Song dynasties, but some specific problems were involved, it can be found that the system of engagement of gold is closer to Liao Dynasty. Chapter five makes a special research on some historical materials about Song and Jin dynasties. First of all, the Song Dynasty Jin Guoxin Quotations were studied. Guoxin quotation is the product of Song Liao and Song Jin Dynasty. In Quotations, the main report on the emissary's pay and answer, accompanied by records of the journey and local customs, for the reference of the court, in the Song and Jin dynasties, the value of historical materials is very great. Therefore, it is necessary to make a comprehensive investigation of Jin Guoxin's Quotations. Secondly, the "Jin Shi Jiao" has been corrected. The "Jin Shi Jiao" table records the historical facts of the first year of the Jin Dynasty's self-collecting country and the Song, Xixia, Koryo three countries or the war, but the former Song and Jin Dynasty engagement of Jin Shi Zong recorded a brief account of the contacts. The author made use of the Song Dynasty to correct the "Jin Shi Jiao Table" and got more than 100 articles. In order to facilitate the writing of this paper, the author reads a large number of documents and collects the diplomatic exchanges between the two sides of the Song and Jin dynasties, and collates them into two tables: "the Guoxin Mission Table" in the Southern Song Dynasty and the "Jin and Korea Guoxin making Table", which are attached to the paper.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K244

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