唐代后期的尚书省研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 12:08

本文选题：唐代后期 + 尚书省　；参考：《浙江大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：唐代初期,三省六部制最终确立并臻于完备。尚书省处于国家政务裁决的核心地位。作为国家最高行政机构,尚书省通过奏抄文书裁处国家日常庶务,颁布政令,指挥与之相对应的寺监机构和地方州府。但是,自高宗、武则天时代,宰相开始呈现出政务官化的倾向,使职、差遣逐渐发展。尚书省在国家行政运行过程中的作用有所减弱。开元十一年(723),张说将政事堂改为中书门下,固定的合署办公的宰相机构成立。唐代行政运行体制三省制结束,所谓“中书门下体制”初步确立。肃宗朝以来,中书门下宰相机构进一步政务官化,力图取代尚书省成为国家最高行政机构,直接与尚书省展开地位和权力之争。至宪宗一朝,中书门下最终成为国家日常庶务的主要承担者,而尚书省在公文上下行过程中依然保有一定的裁决政务的权力和发出政令的权力,同时六部诸曹的主要职掌尚存,故在名义上保留了“天下政本”的地位。在行政运行体制转型的过程中,中央诸机构的职能趋于模糊。御史台、使职差遣和内诸司在不同程度上拥有政令权力和事务权力,都对尚书省的权力形成冲击。由于各种政治势力的影响,尚书省在中书门下体制下,也呈现出新的特色。机构设置,公务处理,行政运行模式及都省对省内的管理,都呈现新旧两种体制并行的特征。唐代后期,统治者根据自身的需要,不断地调整对尚书省——寺监体系的政策,尚书省自觉、不自觉地对此作出回应。一方面,其力图维护在三省制下拥有的地位、职权；另一方面又开始转型以适应新的行政体制和复杂的政治环境。态度从被迫消极到积极主动。因此在不同的历史阶段显露出不同的特点。本文旨在论述自肃宗朝至唐末始终处于变化中的尚书省,进而揭示开启五代、宋以降唐代后期中央官制演进进程。
[Abstract]:In the early Tang Dynasty, the three provinces and six-part system was finally established and perfected. Shangshu province is at the core of the national government ruling. As the highest administrative organ of the state, the province of Shang Shu issued a decree by copying the daily affairs of the state, directing the corresponding monasteries and local state capitals. However, since Gao Zong, Wu Zetian era, the prime minister began to show the tendency of administrative officer, so that the post and dispatch gradually developed. The role of Shangshu province in the process of national administrative operation has been weakened. In 11 years of Kaiyuan, Zhang said that the government hall would be changed into a permanent co-operative prime minister organization. In Tang Dynasty, the three provinces system of administrative operation system ended, so-called "middle book system" was preliminarily established. Since the Suzong dynasty, the prime minister organization in the middle of the book department further became an administrative officer, trying to replace Shangshu province as the highest administrative organ of the state, and directly engaged in a struggle for status and power with Shangshu province. As soon as the constitution was formed, the middle school became the main bearer of the daily affairs of the state, and the province still retained the power to adjudicate government affairs and issue decrees in the course of the ups and downs of official documents. At the same time, the principal duties of the six Cao remained. Therefore, in name retained the status of "world government this". In the process of transformation of administrative operation system, the functions of central institutions tend to be blurred. The imperial court, so that the dispatch and internal departments in varying degrees have the power of government orders and affairs, all of which impact the power of Shangshu province. Due to the influence of various political forces, Shangshu Province also presents new features under the system of Chinese calligraphy. The institutional setup, public service handling, administrative operation mode and provincial management of the province all show the characteristics of the new and the old systems parallel. In the late Tang Dynasty, the ruler constantly adjusted the policy of Shangshu province-monastery supervision system according to his own needs, consciously and unconsciously responded to it. On the one hand, it tries to maintain its position and authority under the system of three provinces; on the other hand, it begins to transform to adapt to the new administrative system and complex political environment. Attitudes range from forced negativity to initiative. Therefore, in different historical stages show different characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the changing province of Shang Shu from the Suzong Dynasty to the end of the Tang Dynasty, and then to reveal the evolution process of the central official system in the late Tang Dynasty from the beginning of the five dynasties to the fall of the Song Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K242

【引证文献】