论春秋战国时期世俗思想与宗教思想的冲突

发布时间：2018-06-20 01:59

本文选题：世俗思想 + 宗教思想　；参考：《山东师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 春秋战国时期,支撑周王朝这个大厦的制度支柱——宗法制、分封制渐趋解体,矗立之上以此为基础的宗教体系也逐渐崩溃,社会世俗思想抬头。随周王室的衰微,政治控制的松懈,“士”阶层获得解放,他们的思想和言论变得更加自由,在宗教和世俗关系问题上,他们进行了广泛的论述,以期构建自己理想中的社会秩序。春秋时期,周王室虽然衰弱了,但在观念上周天子“天下共主”影响仍然存在,以“祭天”为中心的宗教体系依然如故。可随着宗法性宗教体系的逐渐崩溃,束缚在人们头上的宗教枷锁已然松动,世俗思想的发展进入了繁盛期:无神论、唯物主义自然观、人文理性、民本思潮一时之间纷纷突现。在春秋时期,世俗思想与宗教思想的关系,主要表现为世俗思想对宗教思想的冲击:冲击上天的主宰地位、天命的权威,以及神灵对人间的控制,甚至冲击神灵的存在。在对宗教思想的冲击中,世俗思想执行着除旧布新的使命,宗教“神道设教”的政治功能性逐渐凸显,宗教逐渐世俗化,原始意义上的宗教学说体系走上末路。战国时期,世俗思想与宗教思想的关系表现为对立与融合并存。一方面,世俗思想中的无神论和道德思想继续冲击着宗教思想,而民本思想的深入人心更强化了对“人的力量”的普遍重视。另一方面,世俗思想与宗教思想逐渐交融,构成了新的神秘主义思想体系。孟子继承了孔子“义理之天”的解释,虽未否定天的决定作用,但为后代宗教思想的“天人合一”埋了伏笔;墨子将“神道设教”发挥到了极致,以宗教观的“明鬼”来约束人间秩序;阴阳五行家,将原本具有唯物主义自然观和朴素辩证法思想的阴阳观和五行学说,注入了神秘主义的因素,用“五德终始”的天命观服务于现实政治,其神秘思想又对后世的官方和民间宗教思想产生了长期的影响。
[Abstract]:During the Spring and Autumn period and warring States period, the patriarchal system, which supported the building of Zhou Dynasty, gradually disintegrated, and the religious system based on it gradually collapsed, and the social and secular thoughts began to rise. With the decline of the Zhou royal family and the loosening of political control, the "intellectuals" were liberated, their thoughts and speech became freer, and they discussed extensively the issue of religious and secular relations. In order to build their own ideal social order. During the Spring and Autumn period, the Zhou royal family weakened, but in the concept of the son of Heaven "the common master" influence still exists last week, the religious system centered on "sacrificing Heaven" remains the same. However, with the gradual collapse of patriarchal religious system, the shackles of religion have been loosened, and the development of secular thought has entered a period of prosperity: atheism, materialism of nature, humanistic reason, and the trend of people-oriented thought. In the Spring and Autumn period, the relationship between secular thought and religious thought was mainly manifested in the impact of secular thought on religious thought: the impact of secular thought on religious thought: the dominant position of God, the authority of destiny, and the control of human beings by gods, and even the existence of gods. In the impact of religious thought, secular thought carries out the mission of eliminating the old and the new, the political function of religious "Shinto" gradually highlights, religion is gradually secularized, and the religious doctrine system in the primitive sense is at the end. During the warring States period, the relationship between secular thought and religious thought existed in opposition and fusion. On the one hand, atheism and moral thought in secular thought continue to impact on religious thought, and the popularity of people-based thought strengthens the universal emphasis on "human power". On the other hand, secular and religious thoughts gradually blend, forming a new system of mysticism. Mencius inherited Confucius' explanation of "Heaven of righteousness and reason", although it did not deny the decisive role of heaven, but it laid the groundwork for future generations' religious thought of "the unity of nature and man". Mozi brought "Shinto the way of God" to the extreme. The "Ming Ghost" of the religious view was used to restrain the human order, and the Yin-Yang and Wuxing families injected into the mysticism the view of yin and yang and the doctrine of the five elements, which originally had materialistic views of nature and simple dialectical thinking. The theory of "five virtues and the beginning of the end" is used to serve the realistic politics, and its mystical thought has a long-term influence on the official and folk religious thoughts of later generations.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：B929.2;K231;K225

【引证文献】