从宋代笔记小说看宋代科举制度下的社会心态

发布时间：2018-06-20 04:05

本文选题：科举制度 + 社会心态　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：宋代立国之后,实行崇文抑武的“右文政策”,裁抑武臣,优待文士,高其官职,厚其俸禄,同时改革并完善了科举制度,扩大科举取士名额,使士人的仕进之路大为改善,使科举成为政府选拔人才的主要制度。在科举制度日益完善的同时,它对宋代士子们乃至整个社会的心态,产生了什么样的影响呢? 历史上有些人把宋人笔记小说视为街谈巷语、道听途说的小说家言,并未给予足够的重视。孔子曰:“礼失而求诸野。”不少史实为正史多不载者,往往得之于稗官野史与笔记小说,所以笔记小说比正史更能反映出当时宋代科举制度下世人的种种社会心态,故同益受到史学工作者们的重视。本文在前人研究的基础上,试从宋代笔记小说入手,多角度、全面地透析宋代科举制度对宋代社会心态的影响,通过这些分析和探讨,得出一个初步的认识,以期对现代教育有所启示。本文将分四部分进行论述,第一部分,简要介绍宋代科举制度的概况。第二部分,系统分析宋代科举制度对宋代社会心态的消极影响,这是本文的重点。这部分将从宋代科举带来的南北之间的歧视心态;士大夫从积极入世到崇尚隐逸心态的转变:举子及第与落第心态;因科举产生的婚姻重举子的心态;因科举产生的迷信鬼神心态;科场作弊与防弊之间的斗争心态等几个方面展开论述。第三部分,从复兴儒学、发展教育等方面,简要介绍宋代科举制度对社会心态的积极影响。第四部分是结语,通过对宋代科举制度下社会心念的研究,给现代教育以启示。
[Abstract]:After the founding of the State in the Song Dynasty, he implemented the "right language policy" of worshiping literature and suppressing military force, cutting down military officials, giving preferential treatment to the literati, giving them a high official post and giving them a good salary. At the same time, he reformed and improved the imperial examination system and expanded the number of imperial examination candidates, so as to greatly improve the official path of the scholars. The imperial examination has become the main system for the selection of talents by the government. While the imperial examination system is becoming more and more perfect, what kind of influence has it had on the mentality of the scholars in the Song Dynasty and the whole society? In history, some people regarded the note-taking novels of Song people as street talk, and the hearsay novelists did not pay enough attention to them. Confucius said, "the courtesies are lost and the wild are sought." Many historical facts are not carried in the official history, often in the official field history and note-taking novel, so the note-taking novel can better reflect the social mentality of the world under the imperial examination system in Song Dynasty, so Tongyi is attached great importance to by the historians. On the basis of previous studies, this paper tries to analyze the influence of the imperial examination system on the social mentality of Song Dynasty from various angles and from various angles. Through these analyses and discussions, a preliminary understanding is obtained. With a view to enlightening modern education. This article will be divided into four parts, the first part, a brief introduction of the Song Dynasty imperial examination system. The second part systematically analyzes the negative influence of the imperial examination system on the social mentality of the Song Dynasty, which is the focus of this paper. This part will be from the Song Dynasty imperial examination between the North and South discriminatory mentality; Scholars and officials from actively entering the WTO to advocating the recluse mentality: the attitude of raising children and falling down; This paper discusses the superstition mentality of ghosts and spirits produced by the imperial examination, the struggle mentality between cheating and prevention of cheating in science field and so on. The third part, from the aspects of reviving Confucianism and developing education, briefly introduces the positive influence of imperial examination system on social mentality in Song Dynasty. The fourth part is the conclusion, through the Song Dynasty imperial examination system under the social mind research, to modern education to enlighten.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I207.419;K244

【引证文献】