秦代“城旦舂”考辨——兼论秦律的一些特点

发布时间：2018-06-20 05:27

本文选题：秦代 + 城旦舂　；参考：《史学月刊》2014年10期

【摘要】：秦代的"城旦舂"有两种含义:一指某一级刑罚,二指某一类罪犯。作为刑罚的"城旦舂"包括"刑城旦舂"和"完城旦舂"两大类型。其中"刑城旦舂"分为"黥为城旦舂"和"斩为城旦舂"两等,"黥劓城旦舂"和"斩黥城旦舂"则属于加刑。不存在"耐城旦舂"刑。作为罪犯的"城旦舂"可分为"城旦"和"舂"两大类型。其中"城旦"可分为"小城旦"、"仗城旦"和"城旦";"舂"可分为"小舂"和"舂"。在从事普通劳役时,"城旦舂"和其他罪犯混合在一起劳作;当从事有一定技能要求的劳役时,技能因素是第一位的,性别、年龄、刑等诸因素则是次要的。劳役的轻重并不是衡量刑罚轻重的可靠标准。秦代的"城旦舂"还有收没妻、子和受其他判罚较轻罪犯监管等重要的附加惩罚措施,这些措施是"城旦舂"区别于其他罪犯的重要标志。"城旦舂"的上述特点在某种程度上也是秦代刑罚的特点。
[Abstract]:There are two meanings in Qin Dynasty: one refers to a certain level of punishment, the other is to a certain kind of criminal. As a penalty, the "Ching Dan Chung" includes two types: the "penalty City Chung" and the "Wan Cheng Dan Chung". Among them, "Ching Cheng Dan Chung" is divided into two categories: "tsingy is a city Chung" and "chopping is a city Chung", while "tsingy city denim" and "chopping tsingy city Chung" are included in the additional penalty. There is no such thing as "Nai Cheng Dan Chung". As a criminal, Ching Dan Chung can be divided into two types: Cheng Dan and Chung Hom. Among them, "Ching Dan" can be divided into "small City Dan", "Chong Cheng Dan" and "City Dan"; "Chung Hom" can be divided into "small Chung" and "Chung Hom". In the ordinary labor service, "City Chung" and other criminals work together; when engaged in a certain skill of labor, skill factors are the first, sex, age, punishment and other factors are secondary. The severity of servitude is not a reliable measure of the severity of punishment. In the Qin Dynasty, there were also important additional punishment measures, such as taking away wives, children and being supervised by other minor offenders. These measures were important symbols of the distinction between "Ching Dan Chung" and other criminals. " To a certain extent, the above-mentioned characteristics of the Chung Chung in the city are also the characteristics of the penalty in the Qin Dynasty.
【作者单位】：南开大学历史学院;
【分类号】：D929;K232;D924.12

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