魏晋孔氏家学及《孔子家语》公案

发布时间：2018-06-21 11:02

本文选题：魏晋 + 孔氏家学　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 家学是中国传统文化的一种文化现象，在中国文化发展史上，家学对传统文化的弘扬和传播始终起着相当重要的推动作用。孔氏家学，是指孔子及其后世子孙世代相传之学。魏晋时期的孔子后裔多为世家大族，他们的家学特点具有时代烙印，是魏晋时期家学的一个缩影。魏晋时期，儒学失去了其在统治地位意识形态中的崇高地位，但并未随即骤然沉寂，其间公立学校伦废，学术中心移于家族。儒学仍以一种家学的形式，，作为魏晋世家大族的精神支柱，或隐或显地影响着他们的文化创造。魏晋时期的孔子后裔作为传统的文化世族，自然尊奉其祖先创立的儒学，恪守儒家伦理道德观念，但此时他们亦开始涉及到其他典籍，重视经籍文史的全面发展，史学、文学、书法等成为此时孔氏家学的一部分。他们多精悉典籍制度，经律兼修，尤重儒学，保持了汉代旧族良好的学风和官风，但在玄学之风兴起的大背景下，孔氏学风也发生了变化，其人物之言行亦显示出玄化的特征。孔子后裔中亦有些世守家学者，成为一个学派，于顺时崇尚研习章句之学的后裔有别，他们因不求显达，因而很少为世人所注意，他们潜心研习家传儒家典籍，对儒家文献典籍的流传与传播做出了贡献。王肃为《家语》注解之后，引发了学术史上的一大公案，围绕《家语》的真伪问题长期争论不休。认真分析历代“伪书说”，比较《家语》与《大戴礼记》等儒家典籍以及出土文献的关系，我们可知《家语》的材料来源于先秦儒家典籍，并非“杂取他书、割裂前后、托以安国之名而成”，《家语》一书与孔氏家学有着很大的关系，王肃自述得自孔子二十二代孙孔猛当为可信，《家语》一书并非王肃所伪造。
[Abstract]:Family study is a kind of cultural phenomenon of Chinese traditional culture. In the history of Chinese culture development, it has always played a very important role in promoting and spreading traditional culture. Confucius family school refers to Confucius and his descendants from generation to generation. The descendants of Confucius in the Wei and Jin dynasties were mostly of the families, whose family characteristics had the brand of the times, which was a microcosm of the family studies in the Wei and Jin dynasties. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, Confucianism lost its lofty position in the ideology of dominant status, but it did not suddenly become silent. During this period, the public schools were abolished and the academic center moved to the family. Confucianism is still a form of family, as the spiritual pillar of the great family of Wei and Jin dynasties, or implicitly or explicitly affect their cultural creation. In the Wei and Jin dynasties, the descendants of Confucius, as a traditional cultural clan, naturally respected the Confucianism founded by their ancestors and adhered to the Confucian ethics and moral concept. But at this time, they also began to involve other classics and books, and attached importance to the comprehensive development of classics and history, history and literature. Calligraphy became a part of Kong's family at this time. They learned more about the system of classical books, the law and practice, especially Confucianism, and maintained the good style of study and official style of the old clan in the Han Dynasty. However, under the background of the rise of the style of metaphysics, the style of study of Kong had also changed, and the words and deeds of his characters also showed the characteristics of metaphysics. Among the descendants of Confucius, some of them became a school of thought, who were different from those who worshipped the study of chapter and sentence in Shun Shih. Because they did not seek to be obvious, they were seldom noticed by the world. They devoted themselves to the study of the Confucian classics of the family. It has made a contribution to the spread and dissemination of Confucian literature and classics. After Wang Su's commentary on Family language, it caused a great public case in academic history, and the dispute over the truth and falsehood of Family language has been constantly debated for a long time. By carefully analyzing the "false book theory" of the past dynasties and comparing the relationship between "Family language" and Confucian classics such as "Da Dai Li Ji" and unearthed documents, we can see that the materials of "Family language" are derived from the Confucian classics of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, and are not "mixed with other books and cut apart before and after." "in the name of Anguo," the book "Family language" has a great relationship with Kong's family theory. Wang Su's self-description is believed by Confucius'22 generation Sun Kongmeng, and the book "Jiayu" is not forged by Wang Su.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K235

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