辽金元官府借贷初探

发布时间：2018-06-23 22:53

本文选题：辽金元 + 官府　；参考：《河北大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 中国古代政府经营借贷由来已久,自《周礼·泉府》中记载为其端,汉魏、隋唐、两宋各代均有相当的资本规模。本文以辽金元时期官府借贷为研究对象,对其种类、资本、利率及历史评价等问题作了探讨,并旁及元代常平义仓、斡脱钱等问题。首先,以用途为标准,对辽金元官府借贷作了种类划分。将辽金官府借贷划分为灾’害疫乱歉收之年对小生产者的赈贷,开发性放贷、安抚性放贷,解决政府部分经费不足的临时性放贷及辽代“云为户”四类；将元代官府借贷划分为以加强统治、维持社会秩序及恢复社会生产为目的的借贷,缓解财政压力为目的的盈利性放贷,向工商业者提供的生产性、资本性和经营性借贷三大类。其次,论述了辽金元官府借贷资本的来源、经营方式及利率问题。认为辽金元官府借贷资本的来源主要是政府财政拨款为主,另外还有一部分来源于地方豪强、官员的自筹；其经营方式,一是政府设立基金委托一些职能部门、官员以及私人经营,二为政府直接向债务人发放借贷资本。就利率而言,虽然这一时期民间利率仍处于较高水平,但官府借贷利率水平与唐宋相比有所下降,主要有3分、2分、1.5分、1分、0.8分几类。第三,对元代常平、义仓的兴起发展、制度规定、历史评价及蒙元时期斡脱钱问题作了进一步的研究。第四,对辽金元官府借贷的发展演变、特点、历史作用等问题作了论述。认为辽金元政府所实施的官府借贷在实际运行中对小生产者的生产、生活及维护社会秩序等方面发挥了一些积极作用,但又由于政治腐败,官吏营私舞弊、侵吞私占等,致使大量的借贷措施“徒为具文”,屡兴屡废,难以为继,其积极作用的发挥又有极大的局限性。
[Abstract]:The ancient Chinese government operated and borrowed money for a long time, recorded in Zhou Li Quan Fu, the Han, Wei, Sui and Tang dynasties, the two Song dynasties have a considerable capital scale. This paper takes the loan of the government in the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties as the research object, probes into its kind, capital, interest rate and historical evaluation, etc. First of all, in order to use as the standard, the Liao Jin Yuan government loans and loans are classified. The government loan of Liao and Jin dynasties can be divided into four categories: relief loan to small producer in the year of disaster and epidemic disaster and failure of harvest, development loan, appeasement loan, temporary loan that some government funds are insufficient and "cloud as household" in Liao Dynasty. The government lending in Yuan Dynasty was divided into three categories: strengthening the rule, maintaining social order and restoring social production. The purpose of lending was to ease the financial pressure, and to provide productive, capital and operational loans to the industrial and commercial enterprises. Secondly, it discusses the source, management mode and interest rate of the loan capital of the government in Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties. It is believed that the source of the borrowing capital of the government in Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties is mainly from the government's financial allocations. In addition, some of them come from the local authorities, and the officials raise their own funds. The first way of operation is that the government has set up funds to commission some functional departments. Officials as well as private operations, for the government directly to the debtor issued loan capital. As far as interest rate is concerned, although the private interest rate is still at a high level in this period, the level of government borrowing interest rate is lower than that of the Tang and Song dynasties, and there are mainly 3 points, 2 minutes or 1.5 points, 1 minute or 0.8 points. Thirdly, the rise and development of Changping and Yicang in Yuan Dynasty, the regulations, the historical evaluation and the problem of Wutu in the period of Mongolian and Yuan were further studied. Fourth, this paper discusses the evolution, characteristics and historical function of government lending in Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties. It is believed that the government loans and loans implemented by the Liao, Jin and Yuan governments have played a positive role in the production, life and maintenance of social order of small producers in actual operation, but also because of political corruption, government officials engaging in private fraud, embezzlement, and so on. A large number of lending measures "only for the text", repeatedly abolished, difficult to continue, its positive role has a great deal of limitations.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：F832.9;K246

【引证文献】