试论清人的辽金“正统观”——以辽宋金“三史分修”“各与正统”问题讨论为中心

发布时间：2018-06-25 09:31

本文选题：辽金 + 正统　；参考：《社会科学》2014年01期

【摘要】：元人确立辽宋金"三国各与正统,各系其年号"的三史分修方案,承认了辽金的"正统性";明朝曾有人依据"夏尊夷卑"观念,对这一正统体系提出挑战;到了清朝,虽然也有人对这一正统体系存在不同看法,但基本上已成定论。有人认为"清朝统治者从北方民族王朝立场转向中国大一统王朝立场之后,最终也否定了辽金正统","从一个侧面彰显了近千年来华夷观念的演变轨迹"。但其实,清朝统治者无论是在坚持北方民族王朝立场阶段还是从北方民族王朝立场转向中国大一统王朝立场之后,都承认辽宋金"各与正统"的地位,这从乾隆皇帝并没有"抑辽金",允许四库馆臣在编修《四库全书》时持辽宋金"各与正统"的观点,以及钦定了包括《辽史》和《金史》在内的中国正史"二十二史"、"二十三史"和"二十四史"等方面就能体现出来。实际上,清人认为,三史分修,已成定论。"宋辽金三史的正统体系"始终未被颠覆。这说明逐渐强化"华夷之辨",按照"尊夏贱夷"思想区分正统和非正统,并非近千年来华夷观念的演变轨迹;而逐渐淡化"华夷之辨",倡导"华夷一家",才是近千年来华夷观念的演变轨迹。
[Abstract]:The Yuan Dynasty established the three historical revision schemes of Liao, Song and Jin dynasties, "the three Kingdoms and the orthodoxy of the three Kingdoms", which recognized the "orthodoxy" of the Liao and Jin dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, some people challenged the orthodox system according to the concept of "Xia and Yi's superiority"; by the Qing Dynasty, there were some people who challenged the orthodox system. While there are differences of opinion about this orthodox system, it is largely conclusive. Some people think that "after the rulers of the Qing Dynasty changed from the position of the northern nationality dynasty to the position of the unified dynasty of China, they finally denied the orthodoxy of Liao and Jin dynasties", and "demonstrated the evolution of the concept of Yi coming to China in the past thousand years from one side". However, in fact, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, whether at the stage of adhering to the position of the northern national dynasty or changing from the position of the northern nationality dynasty to the position of the monolithic dynasty of China, all recognized the status of the Liao, Song and Jin dynasties as "separate and orthodox." This is from the fact that Emperor Qianlong did not "suppress the Liao and Jin dynasties," and allowed the officials of Siku to hold the view that the Liao, Song, and Jin dynasties were "separate and orthodox" when compiling the book. The "22 history", "23 history" and "24 th history" of the official history of China, including the History of Liao and the History of the Jin Dynasty, can be embodied. In fact, the Qing people thought that the three history revision, has become the final conclusion. " The orthodox system of the Song, Liao and Jin dynasties was never subverted. This shows that gradually strengthen the "differentiation of the Hua Yi", according to the thought of "respecting the Xia and the inferior Yi" to distinguish orthodox and unorthodox, is not the evolution track of the concept of Yi in China for nearly a thousand years. But gradually desalinate "the differentiation of China's Yi" and advocate "Hua Yi's family", which is the evolution track of the concept of "Hua Yi" coming to China in the last thousand years.
【作者单位】：吉林大学文学院历史系;吉林建筑大学;
【分类号】：K249

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