道光朝两次漕粮海运

发布时间：2018-06-27 00:39

本文选题：道光 + 漕粮　；参考：《东北师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 漕运是中国特有的水运形式,清初制度已达完备。嘉庆、道光年间,漕运制度已经危机重重,道光朝(1821—1850年)被迫进行相应的漕制改革,漕粮海运是改革的核心内容,在道光朝期间,前后共试行过两次漕粮海运。道光六年(1826年)漕粮海运,其直接原因是1824年冬高家堰大堤溃决,运河水势低弱,重运北上成为难题。当时面对如何应对危机。朝中分为两派:孙玉庭、魏元煜力主引黄济运的盘坝主张,英和及地方上的琦善、陶澍力主雇商海运,双方各执己见,并前后付诸实践,引黄济运的盘运主张因耗费巨大而破产,至此坚定了道光帝实行海运的决心。道光六年,江苏四府一州海运漕粮海运取得成功。但随后河道恢复,海运遂止。道光二十八年(1848年),京师出现粮食供应危机,为节省经费支出,充实京师仓储,将江苏三地区漕粮改行海运,因道光帝力排众议,故此次海运争论时间较短,但实施时问题较多:先是因“青浦教案”耽搁出洋,放洋后又遭盗匪,抵津时间较计划为迟,道光朝遂停海运。第二次海运亦中止。两次漕粮海运具体原因各异,道光六年主要是自然原因,而道光二十八年则是社会原因的制约,但其根源都是漕运制度的危机。两次海运终止原因有决策者道光皇帝缺乏坚持改革的魄力,河运利益集团竭力阻挠,海运初创较难等,因而决定了道光朝漕粮海运的暂短命运,但海运呈现出来的明显优越性预示着它将必定会成为漕运的主要运输方式。
[Abstract]:The water transport is a unique form of water transport in China. The system in the early Qing Dynasty was complete. Jiaqing, during the period of Daoguang, the system of transport of water was in crisis. The Daoguang Dynasty (1821 - 1850) was forced to carry out the corresponding reform of the grain system. The grain transport of grain was the core content of the reform. During the period of Daoguang Dynasty, there were two grains and sea transportation before and after the trial.
Daoguang six years (1826) water grain shipping, its direct reason is the 1824 winter high weir dike burst, the canal water potential is low, the heavy transportation north becomes a difficult problem. In the face of how to cope with the crisis, the north and the middle were divided into two schools: Sun Yuting, Wei Yuanyu, Li Zhu Huang Ji Yun's advocate, the British and local Qi good, Tao Shu mainly hired merchant shipping, both sides hold themselves. To see, and to put into practice, the idea of the transportation of the Yellow River, which was so costly and bankrupt, was determined by Dao Guangdi's determination to carry out the shipping. In six years of Daoguang, the sea transport of grain and sea in the four state of Jiangsu was successful.
Daoguang twenty-eight years (1848), the capital of the Beijing teachers appeared food supply crisis, in order to save expenditure, enrich the capital of the capital warehouse storage, the Jiangsu three area grain grain to sea, because of Daoguang Dili row public debate, the time is short, but the implementation of the problem is more: first, because of the "Qingpu teaching case" delayed, after foreign bandit, offset time is more than The plan is to stop shipping for late and Daoguang. The second voyage is also suspended.
The two grain shipping specific reasons are different, Dao Guang's six years are mainly natural reasons, and Dao Guang's twenty-eight years are the constraints of social reasons, but the root causes are the crisis of the system of transport of water. The reason for the two maritime termination is that the decision maker, Dao Guang, lacks the courage to adhere to the reform, and the He Yunli interest group tries to obstruct it, and the shipping is difficult to start. Therefore, it is decided that the sea shipping is difficult to start and so on. The short fate of the Daoguang River's grain transport is determined, but the obvious superiority of the maritime transport indicates that it will become the main mode of transportation for the transportation of grain.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：F552.9;K249.3

【引证文献】