清初福建社会动荡与治理

发布时间：2018-06-27 09:16

本文选题：清初 + 福建　；参考：《湘潭大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 顺治三年,清军入闽,武力推行“剃发”、“易服”等民族压迫政策,在福建激起了大范围的抗清斗争。康熙十三年,靖南王耿精忠发动叛乱,福建再次陷入动荡之中。此外,郑氏集团与清廷在福建沿海地区长期对抗,至康熙二十二年才投降归顺。其间,福建社会秩序混乱,军队扰民严重,生产遭到严重破坏,致使民生凋敝,百姓困苦不堪。尤其是迁界禁海政策使得沿海百姓尽失故业,流离失所。为了稳定福建社会,恢复民生,从根本上巩固统治,清廷采取了一系列治理措施,如整治军纪、减免赋税、招徕离散百姓恢复生产、宽免“从逆”平民、稳定米价、赈济灾民、开海展界等。其中,对军队扰民的整治,有效地调节了“军民关系”,安抚了百姓;对赋税的减免直接惠及了百姓,对灾乱之后生产的恢复起到了积极作用;开海展界,使得沿海百姓返回故里,重操旧业,恢复了生产。总之,这些措施对福建民生的恢复起到了积极有效的作用。为了稳定福建政局,加强统治,清廷对政务、军务进行了积极有效的治理。其中包括加强文武官员的选任、严明文武官员的赏罚、选派部院官员赴闽督办地方事务、加强福建文武官员协调等。在官员选任上,清廷重真才实干,大量选用汉军旗人充任总督、巡抚等重要职位。在官员奖惩上,严明赏罚,同时不失灵活。督办军需钱粮、开海展界、招降郑氏集团,安插投诚人员等诸多事务,清廷均派部院官员赴闽督办,保证了清王朝政策的贯彻实施。针对文武官员多有不和的现象,清廷及时干预与协调。总之,清廷对政务、军务进行了积极有效的治理,加强了对福建的统治。
[Abstract]:In Shunzhi three years, the Qing army moved into Fujian and carried out the policies of "shaving hair" and "changing clothes" by force, which aroused a wide range of struggle against the Qing Dynasty in Fujian. Kangxi 13 years, Jingnan King Geng Jingzhong launched a rebellion, Fujian again into turmoil. In addition, the Zhengshi Group and the Qing Dynasty in Fujian coastal areas long-standing confrontation, until the Kangxi 22-year surrender. Meanwhile, the social order in Fujian was chaotic, the army disturbed the people seriously, the production was seriously destroyed, the people's livelihood was ruined and the people were suffering. In particular, the policy of moving the border and banning sea caused the coastal people to lose their lives and to be displaced. In order to stabilize Fujian society, restore people's livelihood, and fundamentally consolidate the rule, the Qing government adopted a series of measures of governance, such as renovating military discipline, reducing taxes, soliciting the dispersed people to resume production, relieving the "converse" civilians, stabilizing the price of rice, and providing relief to the victims. Open the sea, etc. Among them, the rectification of the army disturbing the people has effectively adjusted the "military-civilian relationship" and appeased the common people; the tax relief has directly benefited the common people and played a positive role in the recovery of production after the disaster. The coastal people returned to their hometown, resumed their old business and resumed production. In short, these measures have played a positive and effective role in the restoration of Fujian people's livelihood. In order to stabilize Fujian's political situation and strengthen its rule, the Qing government administered government affairs and military affairs positively and effectively. These include strengthening the selection of civil and military officials, the rewards and punishments of Yan Ming's civil and military officials, sending ministry and department officials to Fujian to supervise local affairs, and strengthening the coordination of Fujian civil and military officials. In the election of officials, the Qing government to the real talent, a large number of Han army flag to serve as governor, governor and other important positions. In the official reward and punishment, strict reward and punishment, at the same time do not lose flexibility. The Qing government sent officials to Fujian to supervise the work, which ensured the implementation of the Qing Dynasty policy. In view of the civil and military officials more than the phenomenon of discord, the Qing government timely intervention and coordination. In short, the Qing government to government affairs, military affairs for active and effective governance, strengthened the rule of Fujian.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K249

【参考文献】