徽州典商在明清徽商发展中的作用研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 17:05

本文选题：徽商 + 典当　；参考：《厦门大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 徽商,是明清时期著名的地域商人群体之一,擅长经营典当业被认为是这一商人群体的显著特征。本文在总结、借鉴前人有关徽州典商的研究成果的基础上,围绕着典商经营在明清徽商发展中所起的作用问题展开了多角度的讨论。这对于全面认识徽州商帮,揭示其兴衰的秘密显然是具有重要意义的。本文的主要观点包括:徽州本土的环境特点促使徽州人热衷于经营货币借贷业,典当业质押借贷的特点使之适合流寓四方的徽州人经营,而明中叶日益发达的商品货币经济则为徽典兴起提供了良好的土壤环境,由此,徽州典当商人迅速发展成为一支主宰着传统典当业并在徽商中居于重要地位的力量。从一个静态的横切面来看,典当业作为徽商经营的次生性行业,它的首要作用就是接纳贮藏各原生性行业的盈余资金。在这个基础上,遍布全国的徽典,其营利势必大大增强徽商集团的经济实力,对于徽商资本雄天下有直接的意义。而徽典的营利,反过头来又会在资金上支持徽商诸原生性行业的发展,通过为社会再生产提供了一定的金融支持,为徽商集团的发展提供更好的土壤环境。此外徽典遍布四方,显然非常有利于徽人搜集各地的商业信息,使之能不失时机地介入各类商业活动,从而大发其财。从动态的角度来看,徽商集团在发展壮大的过程中,儒商化、官商化的特色十分明显。而明清时徽典的总体发展趋势是:明中后期时称雄中国典当业,自清以降势力范围回缩,在外延式发展不利的情况下,徽典注意加强自身的素质教育,以提升经营管理水平,寻求内涵式发展。有这种发展方向与徽人历来“重儒”、“重学”不无关系。而明清徽典中有众多的“贾儒合一”者存在显然也有助于深化徽商的儒商化色彩。在官商化的问题上,徽典虽然也被迫卷入其中,但却不是积极的参与者。通过不断提高自身的职业素养,造就一个典当业中不可或缺的“徽州朝奉”职业阶层,是他们在不利环境中的自全之道。另外,在资本的传承方式上,徽州典商的做法对于徽商集团的发展也是具有重要意义的。徽典向后人传授资本时强调“得人”,后辈在继承、析分上一代传下的典当资本时又能保持典铺的资本经营规模不变,显然都有助于徽州典商的长期兴旺,也加深了世人心目中徽商精于治典的印象。
[Abstract]:Huizhou merchants were one of the famous regional merchants in Ming and Qing dynasties. On the basis of summing up and drawing lessons from the previous researches on the merchants of Huizhou, this paper discusses the role of the management of the classical merchants in the development of Huizhou merchants in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is of great significance to understand the Huizhou business group and reveal the secret of its rise and fall. The main points of this paper are as follows: the characteristics of local environment in Huizhou make Huizhou people keen to manage money lending, and the characteristics of pawnbroker pledge loan make it suitable for Huizhou people who are living in all directions. The increasingly developed commodity monetary economy in the middle of the Ming Dynasty provided a good soil environment for the rise of Huizhou pawnbroker, and thus the merchants of Huizhou pawnshop developed rapidly into a force that dominated the traditional pawnbroking business and occupied an important position in the Huizhou merchants. From a static crosscutting point of view, as a secondary industry operated by Huizhou merchants, the primary role of pawnbroking industry is to accept and store surplus funds of original industries. On this basis, the national emblem code, its profit is bound to greatly enhance the economic strength of Huizhou Merchants Group, and has direct significance to Huizhou merchants' capital. The profit of Huizhou Code, on the contrary, will support the development of the original industries of Huizhou merchants on the funds. It provides certain financial support for the social reproduction, and provides a better soil environment for the development of Huizhou merchants group. In addition, emblems are spread all over the world, which is obviously very helpful for Hui people to collect business information from all over the world, so that they can get involved in all kinds of commercial activities without losing the opportunity to make a lot of money. From a dynamic point of view, in the process of development and expansion of Huizhou Merchants Group, the characteristics of Confucian quotient and official business are very obvious. And the overall development trend of the Ming and Qing dynasties is: in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the Chinese pawnbrokers dominated the pawn business, and since the Qing Dynasty, the scope of influence was reduced. Under the adverse circumstances of the extension development, the emblem code paid attention to strengthening its own quality education in order to improve the level of management and management. Seek connotation development. There is this direction of development and Hui people have always been "heavy Confucianism", "heavy learning" is not unrelated. In Ming and Qing Dynasty, there were many "Jia Ru in one", which also helped to deepen the Confucian and commercial color of Huizhou merchants. On the issue of bureaucratization, the emblem is not an active participant, though it is forced to be involved in it. By constantly improving their professional accomplishment, it is their self-perfection in the unfavorable environment to bring up an indispensable professional class of Huizhou Chao Bong in pawnbroking. In addition, in the way of capital transmission, the practice of Huizhou merchants is also of great significance to the development of Huizhou merchants group. When imparting capital to later generations, Hui Diandian emphasized "getting people," and later generations inherited and divided the pawn capital passed down from the previous generation to maintain the same scale of capital management, which obviously contributed to the long-term prosperity of Huizhou merchants. It also deepened the impression that Huizhou merchants were good at administering the code.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K248

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