魏晋贵族体制的形成与乡论

发布时间：2018-07-06 15:23

本文选题：魏晋 + 贵族　；参考：《江海学刊》2014年03期

【摘要】：六朝是门阀贵族占据政治和社会主要地位的时期。但是,贵族形成的根基究竟是依靠皇权还是得到皇权以外的乡里社会舆论亦即乡论支持的呢?这是中古贵族研究的焦点问题。分析盛行于西晋元康时期的放达之风,有助于辨析魏晋时期乡论的内涵和意义。放达风气产生于东汉末,到魏晋则日趋猛烈。其中代表人物,前有竹林名士,后有元康名士。历来的研究倾向于将两者作对比,得出的结论也基本上是肯定前者,否定后者。竹林和元康实质上都是汉末以来放达风潮的延续。但是,元康时期的放达与曹魏以及竹林时期的不同之处在于,它超越了阶层和群体,上升成为普遍的社会现象。其中原因,就在于社会舆论亦即乡论对放达行为予以了支持和赞扬。对于国家权力或皇权并不赞同的放达行为,地方乡里社会的舆论却是肯定和赞誉,许多放达人物也正是由此进入了官僚世界,其中如东晋南朝时期的代表性贵族陈郡谢氏,正是在这样的背景之中开始其家族的崛起。上述事实说明,在探讨魏晋贵族的形成及其性质时,来自地方社会乡论的支持和作用不容忽视。
[Abstract]:The six dynasties were the period in which the aristocrats occupied the main position in politics and society. But is the foundation formed by the aristocrats dependent on imperial power or supported by rural public opinion other than imperial power? This is the focus of the study of the Middle Ancient aristocracy. It is helpful to analyze the connotation and significance of the township theory in the Wei and Jin dynasties by analyzing the style of Fangda prevailing in the Yuan Kang period of the Western Jin Dynasty. Fangda atmosphere came into being in the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and became more and more violent in Wei and Jin dynasties. Among them representative figures, before have bamboo forest famous person, after have Yuan Kang personage. The traditional research tends to compare the two, and the conclusion is basically positive and negative. Bamboo forest and Yuankang are essentially the continuation of the Fangda trend since the end of the Han Dynasty. However, the difference between Fangda of Yuan Kang period, Cao Wei and bamboo forest period is that it transcends the stratum and group and rises into a universal social phenomenon. Among them, the reason lies in the public opinion, that is, the township theory to support and praise the act of Fangda. The local public opinion was positive and praised the Fanda behavior that the state power or imperial power did not approve of, and many Fanda figures also entered the bureaucratic world, such as the representative aristocrat Chen County Xie in the Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties. It was against this background that the rise of his family began. The above facts show that in discussing the formation and nature of the aristocrats in the Wei and Jin dynasties, the support and function of the local social township theory can not be ignored.
【作者单位】：南京师范大学社会发展学院;
【分类号】：D691.2;K235

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