明代南京寺院研究
发布时间：2018-07-13 14:26
【摘要】： 寺院是佛教的重要载体,研究寺院对全面、正确地理解和评价佛教以及深化对中国社会、历史的研究都有相当重要的意义。长期以来,海、内外的专家、学者对中国古代佛教进行了不懈的研究,取得了丰硕的成绩。但是,迄今为止,学术界对中国古代寺院的研究一直着力不多,稍有涉猎者也主要限于寺院经济。尤其是对明代寺院的研究更少,而专门研究明代南京寺院者则尚未发现。 本书从明代南京寺院背景、兴废和分布、建筑、僧人、经济、制度以及影响等方面着手,试图对其作一全面而深入的研究,从而促进和推动对明代佛教、寺院以及明代社会、历史的研究,并为今天的现代化建设提供借鉴。全书包括七章。 第一章“背景”。分三节,分别探讨明代佛教政策、明代南京社会状况、东吴至元代南京的佛教和寺院。明代的佛教政策,以整顿、限制为主,个别时期甚至排佛、禁佛。但是,明代统治者又多大力提倡、保护佛教,这是南京寺院兴盛的重要原因。笔者特别提出,藏传佛教是明朝永乐以后最高统治者的共同信仰。对一些问题,如砧基道人的设置、《周知册》的颁布时间等,文中加以考证,纠正一些史书记载之误。明代南京先后作为首都和留都,政治地位重要,经济发达,文化繁荣,人文荟萃,民众佛教信仰浓厚,对其中的寺院有很大影响。东吴至元代,南京一直是重要的佛学中心,其中修建寺院众多,这也在很大程度上影响着明代南京的佛教和寺院。 第二章“兴废和分布”。分三节,分别探讨了明代南京寺院的修建、毁废、分布以及总数估计。明代南京寺院的修建分为三个阶段:明初敕建一批寺院,带动南京寺院的恢复和发展;明代中期,僧人是寺院修建的主角,为南京寺院缓慢发展时期;明代后期,士、僧大建寺院,是南京寺院繁盛时期。笔者努力搜求各种方志以及一些考古发掘资料,对寺院加以考证,并增补史书记载之漏。明代南京寺院的拆毁和废止,有人为原因,也有自然原因。在人为原因的毁废中,以嘉靖年间霍韬拆毁南京尼寺的规模为最大。政府的其它毁废,僧人的破坏,势豪的侵占,以及僧人的弃走等,也是寺院人为毁废的重要方面。在自然原因的毁废中,主要有自然灾害和年久圮朽等。从地理分布来看,南京中城、东城地区寺院较多,南城地区最为集中,而西城、北城地区寺院则相对较少。寺院之间的距离,一般不超过十里,有很多寺院甚至前后相邻,左右相接。笔者统计,明代南京寺院有名称可数者近二百一十所,总数起码有三百所,最多可能超过六百所。 第三章“建筑”。分四节,从寺院布局、殿堂配置、殿宇结构、佛塔建筑等方面,全面探讨明代南京寺院的建筑。文中通过统计和比较,指出寺院布局在宋、元以来“伽蓝七
[Abstract]:Monasteries are important carriers of Buddhism. The study of monasteries is of great significance to the comprehensive, correct understanding and evaluation of Buddhism and the deepening of the study of Chinese society and history. For a long time, experts and scholars of sea, inside and outside have made unremitting research on ancient Chinese Buddhism and made fruitful achievements. However, so far, academic research on ancient Chinese monasteries has not been much effort, a bit of dabbling is mainly limited to temple economy. In particular, the study of monasteries in the Ming Dynasty is even less, but the monasteries of Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty have not been found. This book begins with the background of Nanjing monastery in Ming Dynasty, prosperity and distribution, architecture, monk, economy, system and influence, and tries to make a comprehensive and in-depth study on it, thus promoting and promoting Buddhism, monasteries and society in Ming Dynasty. The history research, and provides the reference for the modernization construction today. The book consists of seven chapters. Chapter one, background. It is divided into three sections: the Buddhism policy of Ming Dynasty, the social condition of Nanjing in Ming Dynasty, and Buddhism and monastery from Soochow to Yuan Dynasty. The Buddhist policy of the Ming Dynasty focused on rectifying and restricting Buddhism, and in some periods, it even ruled out Buddhism and banned Buddhism. However, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty strongly advocated and protected Buddhism, which was an important reason for the prosperity of Nanjing monastery. In particular, Tibetan Buddhism is the common belief of the supreme rulers after Yongle in the Ming Dynasty. Some problems, such as the setting of anvil Taoist, the time of publication of the Book of knowledge, are studied in this paper to correct the errors in some historical records. As the capital and capital of the Ming Dynasty, Nanjing had an important political status, developed economy, prosperous culture, gathering of humanities and strong Buddhist belief, which had a great influence on the monasteries. Nanjing was an important Buddhist center during the period from Soochow to Yuan Dynasty, among which there were many monasteries, which also influenced the Buddhism and monasteries of Ming Dynasty to a great extent. The second chapter is "promoting waste and distributing". This paper discusses the construction, destruction, distribution and total estimation of Nanjing monasteries in Ming Dynasty. The construction of Nanjing monasteries in the Ming Dynasty was divided into three stages: a number of monasteries were built in the early Ming Dynasty to promote the restoration and development of the monasteries in Nanjing; in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, monks were the protagonists in the monastery construction, which was the slow development period of the monasteries in Nanjing. Monks built monasteries, is the flourishing period of Nanjing monastery. The author tries hard to search all kinds of local records and some archaeological excavations, make textual research on the monastery, and add the omission of historical records. The demolition and abolition of monasteries in Nanjing in Ming Dynasty were caused by both natural and human reasons. In the destruction of man-made reasons, Jiajing years Huo Tao demolition of the scale of Nanjing temple for the largest. The other destruction of the government, the destruction of monks, the occupation of Shi Hao, and the abandonment of monks are also important aspects of the man-made destruction of monasteries. In the natural cause of destruction, there are mainly natural disasters and decadent and so on. According to the geographical distribution, there are more monasteries in the middle and east cities of Nanjing, and the most concentrated in the south city, while the temples in the west city and the north city area are relatively few. The distance between monasteries, generally not more than ten miles, there are many monasteries or even adjacent to each other, left and right. According to the statistics of the author, there were nearly 210 monasteries in Nanjing in Ming Dynasty, with a total of at least three hundred, perhaps more than 600 at most. Chapter III: architecture. Divided into four sections, from the temple layout, temple configuration, temple structure, pagoda architecture, the overall discussion of the Ming Dynasty Nanjing temple architecture. Through statistics and comparison, this paper points out that the layout of monasteries in the Song and Yuan dynasties "Jialanqi"
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：1998
【分类号】：K248
本文编号：2119686
[Abstract]:Monasteries are important carriers of Buddhism. The study of monasteries is of great significance to the comprehensive, correct understanding and evaluation of Buddhism and the deepening of the study of Chinese society and history. For a long time, experts and scholars of sea, inside and outside have made unremitting research on ancient Chinese Buddhism and made fruitful achievements. However, so far, academic research on ancient Chinese monasteries has not been much effort, a bit of dabbling is mainly limited to temple economy. In particular, the study of monasteries in the Ming Dynasty is even less, but the monasteries of Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty have not been found. This book begins with the background of Nanjing monastery in Ming Dynasty, prosperity and distribution, architecture, monk, economy, system and influence, and tries to make a comprehensive and in-depth study on it, thus promoting and promoting Buddhism, monasteries and society in Ming Dynasty. The history research, and provides the reference for the modernization construction today. The book consists of seven chapters. Chapter one, background. It is divided into three sections: the Buddhism policy of Ming Dynasty, the social condition of Nanjing in Ming Dynasty, and Buddhism and monastery from Soochow to Yuan Dynasty. The Buddhist policy of the Ming Dynasty focused on rectifying and restricting Buddhism, and in some periods, it even ruled out Buddhism and banned Buddhism. However, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty strongly advocated and protected Buddhism, which was an important reason for the prosperity of Nanjing monastery. In particular, Tibetan Buddhism is the common belief of the supreme rulers after Yongle in the Ming Dynasty. Some problems, such as the setting of anvil Taoist, the time of publication of the Book of knowledge, are studied in this paper to correct the errors in some historical records. As the capital and capital of the Ming Dynasty, Nanjing had an important political status, developed economy, prosperous culture, gathering of humanities and strong Buddhist belief, which had a great influence on the monasteries. Nanjing was an important Buddhist center during the period from Soochow to Yuan Dynasty, among which there were many monasteries, which also influenced the Buddhism and monasteries of Ming Dynasty to a great extent. The second chapter is "promoting waste and distributing". This paper discusses the construction, destruction, distribution and total estimation of Nanjing monasteries in Ming Dynasty. The construction of Nanjing monasteries in the Ming Dynasty was divided into three stages: a number of monasteries were built in the early Ming Dynasty to promote the restoration and development of the monasteries in Nanjing; in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, monks were the protagonists in the monastery construction, which was the slow development period of the monasteries in Nanjing. Monks built monasteries, is the flourishing period of Nanjing monastery. The author tries hard to search all kinds of local records and some archaeological excavations, make textual research on the monastery, and add the omission of historical records. The demolition and abolition of monasteries in Nanjing in Ming Dynasty were caused by both natural and human reasons. In the destruction of man-made reasons, Jiajing years Huo Tao demolition of the scale of Nanjing temple for the largest. The other destruction of the government, the destruction of monks, the occupation of Shi Hao, and the abandonment of monks are also important aspects of the man-made destruction of monasteries. In the natural cause of destruction, there are mainly natural disasters and decadent and so on. According to the geographical distribution, there are more monasteries in the middle and east cities of Nanjing, and the most concentrated in the south city, while the temples in the west city and the north city area are relatively few. The distance between monasteries, generally not more than ten miles, there are many monasteries or even adjacent to each other, left and right. According to the statistics of the author, there were nearly 210 monasteries in Nanjing in Ming Dynasty, with a total of at least three hundred, perhaps more than 600 at most. Chapter III: architecture. Divided into four sections, from the temple layout, temple configuration, temple structure, pagoda architecture, the overall discussion of the Ming Dynasty Nanjing temple architecture. Through statistics and comparison, this paper points out that the layout of monasteries in the Song and Yuan dynasties "Jialanqi"
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：1998
【分类号】：K248
【共引文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 丁喜霞;中古常用并列双音词的成词和演变研究[D];浙江大学;2005年
，本文编号：2119686
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