北宋宦官群体研究

发布时间：2018-07-15 10:37

【摘要】： 北宋时期宦官群体,是当时社会的一个重要阶层,他们在历史舞台上发挥了不可忽视的作用。从北宋宦官的来源上来看,主要有两个途径,一是对五代后周政权及其它割据政权内廷宦者的留用,一是通过允许宦官养子及荫补来补充内廷宦者人数,尤其在北宋中期以后,第二种途径成为宦官来源的主要方式,从北宋宦官的籍贯分布上也显现出了这样的特点,除了北宋初期有少数的宦官来自南方地区,大部分宦官的籍贯都在位于统治中心地区附近的开封、真定等地。北宋宦官实际俸禄并不多,但是他们往往利用手中职权或在皇帝近旁侍奉的有利地位,通过各种方式谋取财富,甚至有一些宦官家财万贯,富比皇室。尽管北宋宦官群体遭受阉割而失去了生育能力,不可能拥有正常的家庭生活,但是伴随着宦官权力的日益扩大,他们娶妻养子的现象并不少见,甚至在当时还形成了一些宦官世家。北宋时期并没有出现严重的宦官专权乱政局面,但是北宋宦官却广泛参与了军事、政治、经济等各方面活动,并在历史舞台上作出了不同的表演。军事方面,他们先后参加过北宋初年平定割据政权、抵御外族入侵、镇压人民起义等一系列的军事行动,并在这些军事行动中发挥了重要的作用,成为维护和巩固北宋王朝统治的一支重要力量。政治方面,他们参与了当时的探查活动、司法活动、并一定程度上参与议政,同时还广泛参与了各类宫廷斗争和外朝党争。经济方面,他们帮助皇帝管理私人府库、监管各类经济事务,参与对外贸易活动,负责营建各类工程,都发挥了重要的作用。北宋之初就有不欲宦官预政的规定,但是在整个北宋时期宦官在政治舞台上却相当活跃,究其原因,和皇帝在特殊时期对他们的利用有密切关系,同时,一些官僚士大夫与宦官的相互勾结,也对其势力膨胀起了一定的推动作用,但是无论是皇帝还是官僚士大夫,却又都深以前代宦祸为戒,在利用宦官的同时,又力图将其权力控制在一定范围之内,所以每当宦官势力发展较大时,便对其采取一定的抑制措施,加上北宋宦官自身的原因,即使在宦官势力最为显赫的北宋末年,他们却始终未能如东汉末年和唐朝末年一样专权擅政。
[Abstract]:The group of eunuchs in the Northern Song Dynasty was an important stratum of the society at that time, and they played an important role in the historical stage. From the source of the eunuchs in the Northern Song Dynasty, there are two main ways, one is to retain the regime of the Zhou Dynasty after the five dynasties, and the other is to allow the eunuchs to adopt sons and supplement the number of the eunuchs, especially after the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. The second way to become the main source of eunuchs, from the Northern Song Dynasty eunuch origin distribution also showed this characteristic, except in the early Northern Song Dynasty, there are a few eunuchs from the southern region, Most eunuchs are located near the center of the rule in Kaifeng, Zhending and other places. The actual salaries of eunuchs in the Northern Song Dynasty were not much, but they often took advantage of their power or the advantageous position of serving the emperor near them to obtain wealth by various means, and even some eunuchs were rich than the royal family. Although the eunuchs in the Northern Song Dynasty were castrated and lost their fertility and could not have a normal family life, with the increasing power of eunuchs, it was not uncommon for them to take wives and adopt children. Even at that time, some families of eunuchs were formed. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there was no serious situation of eunuchs, but eunuchs took part in military, political, economic and other activities extensively, and made different performances on the historical stage. On the military front, they successively participated in a series of military operations, such as stabilizing the separatist regime in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, resisting foreign invasion and suppressing the people's uprising, and played an important role in these military operations. It has become an important force to maintain and consolidate the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty. On the political side, they participated in the exploratory activities, judicial activities and, to some extent, in the discussion of politics, as well as in various kinds of court struggles and inter-Korean party disputes. In economics, they helped the emperor manage his private treasury, supervise all kinds of economic affairs, participate in foreign trade activities, and build various projects, all of which played an important role. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a stipulation that eunuchs did not want to be premeditated, but eunuchs were quite active on the political stage throughout the Northern Song Dynasty. The reasons were closely related to the use of eunuchs by the emperor in the special period, and at the same time, The collusion between some bureaucrats and eunuchs also contributed to the expansion of their power. However, both the emperor and the bureaucrats were used as a warning in the past, while using eunuchs. He also tried to control his power within a certain range, so whenever the eunuchs developed greatly, they took certain measures to restrain them, plus the reasons for the eunuchs themselves, even in the late days of the Northern Song Dynasty, when the eunuchs had the most prominent influence. But they have never been as autocratic as the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the end of the Tang Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K244

【共引文献】