康雍乾三朝对云南社会的治理

发布时间：2018-07-28 14:06

【摘要】：自南明覆灭,云南纳入清朝版图,康熙朝便开始了对云南社会的治理。因吴三桂坐镇滇中,时间未几,又起兵反清,使得云南社会疮痍遍布,惨不忍睹。康熙朝接手云南于乱世,为重建云南的社会秩序,从政治、军事、经济、文教等领域对云南社会秩序进行了重建性治理。从政治角度,康熙朝继承顺治朝的行政制度,对云南采取了实质性的行政初设,以后各朝在此基础之上又作了诸多调整和改革,并重新规定了云南的户口编审制度和田赋数额。在经济领域,康熙朝注重云南农业的发展,兼顾对矿业、商业的管理,虽然康熙时期云南的赋役很重,但频繁的蠲赋行为仍然使百姓得到了休养生息。振兴文教是康熙朝治理云南社会举措中一个很有特色的内容,通过振兴文教来重建云南紊乱的社会秩序,取得了良好效果。康熙朝还酌定营制,全滇布防,加强对云南社会的军事弹压,在战乱初定时对云南社会的稳定起到了重要作用。雍正朝承袭康熙朝的社会治理政策并有所发展,开始对云南社会拓力改革。首先,雍正朝体恤民生,重视发展云南农业,兴修水利。其次,雍正朝改革云南保甲,推行全省,乾隆朝则愈完善之,此举对后世影响到深远。再次,雍正朝开发云南交通,尤其注重水路交通的开发,在开修滇粤河道时投入了大量精力,虽然未能取得预期效果,但却反映出雍正朝对云南社会治理的力度与决心。雍正朝最为值得一提的是在云南的改土归流,推进了边疆与内地的一体化进程,使云南少数民族地区的社会形态发生巨大变迁。乾隆朝同样承袭雍正朝的社会治理政策并在此基础上更加完善,社会治理领域也更加广泛和深入。乾隆朝为解决云南日益增长的人口压力,继续注重农业发展。因云南自然灾害时有发生,乾隆朝以民生为重,逢灾必赈,效果甚好。乾隆朝还根据云南的特殊情况,改革命、盗等刑名案件的处置规条,并采取各种措施维护社会秩序,减少各种案件的发生。云南界连外域,为保障云南社会免受外敌入侵,乾隆朝遍修城垣,以保疆固圉,减少危害云南社会的不稳定因素。乾隆朝还整饬吏治,但依然难挽云南社会衰落之颓势。康雍乾三朝对云南社会的治理可谓是经历了一个从粗定到完善,从宏观到细微的深入过程,后朝承袭前朝政策并进行发展、改革和完善,最终成就了云南社会的乾隆盛世。但康雍乾三朝对云南社会的治理并非尽美尽善,同样存在着一定局限和缺憾,也正是如此,诸多社会矛盾的积累使清朝进入嘉庆时期便日益走向衰落。
[Abstract]:Since the collapse of Nanming and the inclusion of Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi began to govern the society of Yunnan. Because Wu Sangui was sitting in Central Yunnan in the middle of Yunnan, the time was few, and the army was in the anti Qing Dynasty, which made Yunnan's social destruction spread all over the world. Kangxi took over Yunnan in chaos to rebuild the social order of Yunnan, from the political, military, economic and cultural and educational fields. From the political point of view, Kangxi had inherited the administrative system of Shunzhi Dynasty and adopted a substantial administrative set up in Yunnan. After that, many adjustments and reforms were made on this basis, and the system of Yunnan's household registration and the amount of Fu were redefined. In the economic field, Kangxi paid attention to Yunnan agriculture. Development, taking into account both the mining and business management, although the Kangxi period in the Kangxi period was very heavy, but the frequent Juan Fu behavior still made the common people recuperate. The revitalization of the culture and education is a very distinctive content of Kangxi's treatment of Yunnan social action. It has achieved good results by reinvigorating the culture and education to rebuild the disorder of the social order of Yunnan. During the period of the war, Kangxi also set up a system of camps, set up the whole Dian defense system, strengthened the military pressure on Yunnan society, and played an important role in stabilizing Yunnan's society when the war broke out.
Yong Zheng began to inherit the social governance policy of the Kangxi Dynasty and began to develop, and began to reform the Yunnan society. First of all, Yong Zheng paid attention to the development of Yunnan agriculture and water conservancy. Secondly, Yong Zheng made the reform of Yunnan's Beige to carry out the whole province, the more perfect the Qianlong Dynasty was, which had a far-reaching influence on the later generations. Again, Yong Zheng turned in the development of Yunnan. In particular, we paid great attention to the development of waterway traffic and put a lot of energy into the Yunnan and Guangdong river courses. Although it failed to achieve the desired results, it reflected the strength and determination of the Yong Zheng Dynasty on the social governance of Yunnan. The most worthy of the Yong Zheng Dynasty was to change the soil in Yunnan, promote the integration process between the border and the mainland, and make the minority people in Yunnan. Great changes have taken place in the social form in the ethnic areas.
The Qianlong Dynasty also inherited the Yong Zheng Dynasty's social governance policy and improved the social governance field. The Qianlong Dynasty continued to focus on the growing population pressure in Yunnan, and continued to pay attention to the agricultural development. Because of the natural disasters in Yunnan, the Qianlong dynasty took the people's livelihood as heavy, and the effect was very good. According to the special circumstances of Yunnan, the regulations of the reform of life and theft and other criminal cases were reformed, and various measures were taken to safeguard the social order and reduce the occurrence of various cases. The Yunnan community was connected with foreign lands to protect Yunnan society from the invasion of foreign enemies and the Qianlong Dynasty was rebuilt to reduce the instability of Yunnan society. The Qianlong Dynasty was also reformed. Government officials, but still hard to save the decline of Yunnan society.
The three dynasties of Kangyong and Qianlong to Yunnan society have experienced a process from coarse to perfect, from macro to fine, after the following policy and development, reform and perfection, and finally the prosperity of Qian Long in Yunnan society. However, the governance of the three dynasties of Kang Yong Qian is not all good, and there is also a certain extent. Limitations and shortcomings are just the same. The accumulation of social contradictions has made the Qing Dynasty decline towards the Jiaqing period.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K249

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