隋朝君臣关系研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 08:58

【摘要】：君臣关系是我国古代最重要的社会关系之一,也是研究传统政治的首要问题。本文之所以选择隋朝作为中国古代君臣关系研究的对象,一是基于隋朝在制度创立、思想完善以及历史地位等方面在中国古代历史上所呈现出来的重要性。二是鉴于隋朝在创立、速盛与速亡等方面所体现出来的特殊性。三是因为在过去的研究中,史界对隋朝全面性的探究,力度和深度都很欠缺,目前尚未发现从专门视角对隋朝君臣关系进行整体性的阐释及其类似的著作。笔者认为,这对于整体把握隋朝历史的政治动向,乃至于对整个中国古代君臣关系主要脉络的把握,都是一个值得重视的问题。从政治思想的角度阐释隋朝君臣关系的逻辑体系是本文研究的主要任务和重要内容。本文所关注者,并非是个别的君臣关系,而是从各个影响君臣关系的政治脉络,如天命、伦理、制度、行为、观念等层面,以思想为视角,全面、系统地考察隋朝君主与臣僚权力之间的结构与运作,并结合隋朝君主与前朝宗室、与皇室等几个特殊的君臣关系层面,从隋朝文、炀二帝的具体用人理论等政治实践的诸多层面和角度进一步对隋朝君臣思想进行印证,检视隋朝君臣之间的互动和博弈,捕捉隋朝君臣确立与速亡的特殊性和深层次原因。本文首先从哲理、伦理、制度、利益四个方面系统分析了影响君臣关系的四大因素,并论证了各种因素对君臣关系的双重影响。对哲理性因素的研究,除了从天命的角度阐述天立人君、君权天赋的理论基础外,还从星象、五行的变化对君臣关系的双重影响做了系统的探究。对伦理性因素的研究,着重分析了仁义、礼乐的道德规范和忠信、孝悌的行为规范对君臣关系的影响,并结合具体事例阐明了在出现忠孝难两全的选择性困境时的统治思想。对制度性因素的研究,从政治称谓、权力分配、礼制内容、法令内容以及君臣之喻的角度论述了制度性因素的几个层面,并分析了在政治制度的影响下,君臣权力的相互制约关系。对利益性因素的研究,从政治功名、政治权力、政治形势、物质利益以及生计问题的角度论述了利益性因素的几个层面,并分析了隋朝维护政治利益的方式和手段。在此基础上,本文还分析了隋朝与前朝宗室、与周边少数民族、与皇室、与“不臣者”四种特殊的君臣关系,以辨明隋朝君主在面对不同背景、不同成分的特殊臣僚群体时,所体现出的不同的政治思想与行为方式。接着本文从实践的角度和层面考察了文、炀二帝的用人思想及其特点,以做到理论与实践相结合。在系统研究隋朝君臣关系的基础上,本文还进一步分析了隋朝建立的偶然性和必然性,考察了隋朝速亡的原因等问题,深化了对隋朝君臣关系确立与速亡的思考,提出隋朝的速亡并非是统治思想理念的问题,只是在运行过程中因没有始终遵循而出现了偏向。
[Abstract]:The relationship between monarch and subject is one of the most important social relations in ancient China, and it is also the most important issue in the study of traditional politics. This article chooses the Sui Dynasty as the object of the study of the relationship between the monarchs and the courtiers in ancient China, first, it is based on the importance of the Sui Dynasty in the aspects of institution establishment, ideological perfection and historical status in the ancient Chinese history. Second, in view of the Sui Dynasty in the founding, rapid prosperity and rapid decline and other aspects reflected in the particularity. Third, in the past research, the history circles to Sui Dynasty comprehensive inquiry, the strength and the depth are very deficient, at present has not discovered from the specialized angle of view to the Sui Dynasty monarch and minister relations to carry on the holistic explanation and the similar works. The author thinks that this is a problem worth paying attention to grasp the political trend of Sui Dynasty history as a whole, and even to grasp the main thread of the relationship between monarch and subject in ancient China. It is the main task and important content of this paper to explain the logic system of the Sui Dynasty monarch and subject relation from the angle of political thought. The focus of this paper is not on the individual monarchic relations, but on the political context that affects the monarch and subject relations, such as destiny, ethics, system, behavior, ideas, and so on, from the perspective of thought. This paper systematically examines the structure and operation of the Sui Dynasty monarch and his subordinate power, and combines the Sui Dynasty monarch with the former monarchs, the royal family and other special levels of monarch-minister relations, from the Sui Dynasty to the text. Yang-Erdi 's specific employment theory and other aspects and angles of political practice further confirm the Sui Dynasty monarch's thoughts, examine the interaction and game between Sui monarchs, and capture the particularity and deep-seated reasons of the Sui Dynasty monarch's establishment and rapid collapse. Firstly, this paper systematically analyzes the four factors that influence the relationship between monarch and subject from four aspects of philosophy, ethics, institution and interest, and demonstrates the dual influence of various factors on the relationship between monarch and subject. The study of philosophical factors not only expounds the theoretical basis of the natural gift of Heaven, monarchy and monarchy, but also makes a systematic study on the dual influence of the changes of stars and five elements on the relationship between monarchs and courtiers. The study of ethical factors focuses on the analysis of the moral norms of benevolence, propriety and music, loyalty and faithfulness, and the influence of filial piety on the relationship between monarchs and courtiers, and expounds the ruling thought when the selective dilemma of loyalty and filial piety is difficult for both sides. From the angle of political appellation, power distribution, propriety system content, decree content and monarch's analogies, this paper discusses several aspects of institutional factors, and analyses the influence of political system. The relationship between the power of monarch and minister. From the angle of political merit, political power, political situation, material interest and livelihood, this paper discusses several aspects of interest factors, and analyzes the ways and means of maintaining political interests in the Sui Dynasty. On this basis, this paper also analyzes the Sui Dynasty and the former dynasties, and the surrounding ethnic minorities, with the royal family, and with the "non-minister" of the four special monarch relations, in order to identify the Sui Dynasty monarch in the face of different backgrounds, different components of special staff groups. The different political thoughts and ways of behavior. Then, this paper examines the thought and characteristics of Wen and Yang from the perspective of practice, in order to achieve the combination of theory and practice. Based on the systematic study of the relationship between monarchs and courtiers in the Sui Dynasty, this paper further analyzes the contingency and inevitability of the Sui Dynasty, investigates the causes of the rapid death of the Sui Dynasty, and deepens the thinking on the establishment and rapid collapse of the Sui Dynasty's monarch and subject relations. It was pointed out that the rapid collapse of the Sui Dynasty was not a question of ruling ideology, but a bias in the course of operation because it was not always followed.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D691;K241

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