周代荒政研究
发布时间：2018-08-01 16:06
【摘要】：“救荒史亦称荒政史，又可名为治荒政策史”， 邓云特先生认为：荒政与救荒是同一概念，而要了解救荒这一概念首先要弄清什么是灾荒，“灾荒者，乃以人与社会关系之失调为基调，，而引起人对于自然条件控制之失败所招致之物质生活上之损害与破坏也。”“救荒，即包括为防止或挽救因灾害而致社会物质生活破坏之一切活动也。”我们认为荒政包括救灾、防灾两方面的内容。 周代荒政经历了西周、春秋、战国三个历史发展阶段，从而构成了先秦时代荒政的基本体系，这一体系包含荒政理论，荒政制度和荒政实践等基本内容。周代荒政是先秦史研究中的一个重要组成部分，也是一个缺乏系统研究的课题。通过对荒政在先秦各个时期演变轨迹的考察，可以帮助我们加深对周代社会形态及先秦社会经济结构形态与性质的认识，从一个侧面丰富先秦史的研究内容。周代荒政研究的主要任务是揭示先秦时期各历史阶段各阶段荒政的一般性和特殊性，揭示周代荒政的基本内容，阐述荒政在周代政治经济生活的特殊地位，寻求先秦荒政史的发展规律，给人们提供有益的启示，为先秦史研究工作做出一点微薄的努力。 从商代甲骨文中我们已经见到后世自然灾害的基本种类，了解到殷人心目中灾害发生的原因及灾害的救治。由此总结出在荒政产生之前，人们出于生存需要会与天灾作斗争如大禹治水，更多的情况是采取巫术救灾或避灾的办法如商代的祈雨巫术。 西周时期是中国古代荒政形成的时期。“敬天保民”是周代荒政的理论基础、荒政是周代政事的重要部分。周代荒政的内容以救灾为主，涉 WP=158 及到国家政事的方方面面，体现了统治者对荒政的高度重视，而西周以人力救灾表明人们在与自然斗争的过程中能力有所提高。 春秋时期是荒政得到大力推行的时期，其中以救灾为主。而在这一时期防灾思想和防灾措施也都已经出现。 战国时期是荒政有了飞跃发展的时期。集中体现在防灾能力的大大提高，表明人类与自然灾害的斗争进入了一个新的发展阶段。 周代荒政在中国荒政史上占有重要的地位其对后世荒政有着巨大的影响。荒政渊源于原始社会的军事民主制时期，从黄帝时代到有夏、有商，自然灾害及人为造成的饥荒的出现，使抗灾救荒成为人们生活中的重要内容之一，在当时的社会中起着十分重要的作用。西周是荒政的形成时期，在《周礼》中已经把“荒政十有二纪”作为“聚万民”的手段成为国家政事的重要部分。周代的救荒理论与荒政制度对后世的影响很大，《周礼》中的荒政制度奠定了后世荒政制度的基本格局。春秋战国时期，荒政有很大的发展，是中国古代荒政的蓝本。
[Abstract]:"the history of famine relief is also called the history of famine administration, and it can also be called the history of the policy of managing famine." Mr. Deng Yun said: famine and famine relief are the same concept, and to understand the concept of famine relief, we must first understand what is a famine. " It is based on the imbalance between human and social relations, and the damage and destruction of material life caused by the failure of human beings to control natural conditions. " "Relief from famine, which includes all activities aimed at preventing or saving the physical and material life of society as a result of disasters." We believe that famine policy includes disaster relief and disaster prevention. The Zhou Dynasty had experienced three stages of historical development: Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn period, and warring States period, which constituted the basic system of famine administration in the pre-Qin period, including the theory of famine administration, the system of famine administration and the practice of famine administration. The famine of Zhou Dynasty is an important part of the study of the history of pre-Qin Dynasty, and it is also a subject of lack of systematic research. Through the investigation of the evolution of the famine policy in each period of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, it can help us to deepen our understanding of the social form of the Zhou Dynasty and the form and nature of the social and economic structure of the pre-Qin Dynasty, and enrich the research content of the pre-Qin history from one side. The main task of the research on the famine in Zhou Dynasty is to reveal the generality and particularity of the famine in each historical stage of the pre-Qin period, to reveal the basic contents of the famine in the Zhou Dynasty, and to expound the special position of the famine in the political and economic life of the Zhou Dynasty. To seek the law of the development of the history of pre-Qin famine, to provide people with useful inspiration, and to make a little effort for the study of the history of the pre-Qin Dynasty. From the oracle bone inscriptions of Shang Dynasty, we have seen the basic types of natural disasters in later generations, and know the causes and treatment of disasters in the minds of Yin people. It is concluded that before the famine came into being, people would fight with natural disasters such as Dayu in order to survive, and more often, witchcraft was adopted for disaster relief or disaster avoidance, such as praying for rain and witchcraft in Shang Dynasty. The Western Zhou Dynasty was the period when the famine was formed in ancient China. Respecting Heaven and protecting the people "is the theoretical basis of the Zhou Dynasty's famine policy, which is an important part of the Zhou Dynasty's administration." In the Zhou Dynasty, disaster relief was the main content of the famine policy. Involving WP=158 and all aspects of national politics, The rulers attached great importance to the famine, while the Western Zhou Dynasty showed that the ability of people in the process of fighting with nature had been improved. The Spring and Autumn period was a period when famine policies were vigorously promoted, in which disaster relief was the main task. In this period, the idea of disaster prevention and disaster prevention measures have also emerged. The warring States period was a period in which famine had developed by leaps and bounds. The improvement of disaster prevention ability indicates that the struggle between human beings and natural disasters has entered a new stage of development. The Zhou Dynasty famine policy occupies an important position in the history of Chinese famine administration. The famine policy originated in the period of military democracy in primitive society. From the Yellow Emperor period to the summer, there were merchants, natural disasters and man-made famine, which made the disaster resistance and famine become one of the important contents in people's life. It played a very important role in the society at that time. The Western Zhou Dynasty was the forming period of the famine regime. In Zhou Li, it has become an important part of the state affairs as the means of "gathering the people". The theory and system of famine relief in Zhou Dynasty had a great influence on the later generations, and the system of famine administration in Zhou Li laid the basic pattern of the system of famine administration in later times. During the Spring and Autumn period and warring States period, the famine had a great development and was the blueprint of the famine in ancient China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K224
本文编号：2158107
[Abstract]:"the history of famine relief is also called the history of famine administration, and it can also be called the history of the policy of managing famine." Mr. Deng Yun said: famine and famine relief are the same concept, and to understand the concept of famine relief, we must first understand what is a famine. " It is based on the imbalance between human and social relations, and the damage and destruction of material life caused by the failure of human beings to control natural conditions. " "Relief from famine, which includes all activities aimed at preventing or saving the physical and material life of society as a result of disasters." We believe that famine policy includes disaster relief and disaster prevention. The Zhou Dynasty had experienced three stages of historical development: Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn period, and warring States period, which constituted the basic system of famine administration in the pre-Qin period, including the theory of famine administration, the system of famine administration and the practice of famine administration. The famine of Zhou Dynasty is an important part of the study of the history of pre-Qin Dynasty, and it is also a subject of lack of systematic research. Through the investigation of the evolution of the famine policy in each period of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, it can help us to deepen our understanding of the social form of the Zhou Dynasty and the form and nature of the social and economic structure of the pre-Qin Dynasty, and enrich the research content of the pre-Qin history from one side. The main task of the research on the famine in Zhou Dynasty is to reveal the generality and particularity of the famine in each historical stage of the pre-Qin period, to reveal the basic contents of the famine in the Zhou Dynasty, and to expound the special position of the famine in the political and economic life of the Zhou Dynasty. To seek the law of the development of the history of pre-Qin famine, to provide people with useful inspiration, and to make a little effort for the study of the history of the pre-Qin Dynasty. From the oracle bone inscriptions of Shang Dynasty, we have seen the basic types of natural disasters in later generations, and know the causes and treatment of disasters in the minds of Yin people. It is concluded that before the famine came into being, people would fight with natural disasters such as Dayu in order to survive, and more often, witchcraft was adopted for disaster relief or disaster avoidance, such as praying for rain and witchcraft in Shang Dynasty. The Western Zhou Dynasty was the period when the famine was formed in ancient China. Respecting Heaven and protecting the people "is the theoretical basis of the Zhou Dynasty's famine policy, which is an important part of the Zhou Dynasty's administration." In the Zhou Dynasty, disaster relief was the main content of the famine policy. Involving WP=158 and all aspects of national politics, The rulers attached great importance to the famine, while the Western Zhou Dynasty showed that the ability of people in the process of fighting with nature had been improved. The Spring and Autumn period was a period when famine policies were vigorously promoted, in which disaster relief was the main task. In this period, the idea of disaster prevention and disaster prevention measures have also emerged. The warring States period was a period in which famine had developed by leaps and bounds. The improvement of disaster prevention ability indicates that the struggle between human beings and natural disasters has entered a new stage of development. The Zhou Dynasty famine policy occupies an important position in the history of Chinese famine administration. The famine policy originated in the period of military democracy in primitive society. From the Yellow Emperor period to the summer, there were merchants, natural disasters and man-made famine, which made the disaster resistance and famine become one of the important contents in people's life. It played a very important role in the society at that time. The Western Zhou Dynasty was the forming period of the famine regime. In Zhou Li, it has become an important part of the state affairs as the means of "gathering the people". The theory and system of famine relief in Zhou Dynasty had a great influence on the later generations, and the system of famine administration in Zhou Li laid the basic pattern of the system of famine administration in later times. During the Spring and Autumn period and warring States period, the famine had a great development and was the blueprint of the famine in ancient China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K224
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 刘欣;春秋邦交中的凶礼考述[D];东北师范大学;2011年
2 吴佳琳;《周礼》中农业管理制度探讨[D];吉林大学;2009年
3 范新可;先秦儒家典籍中所见的社会救助事迹及思想[D];西北大学;2010年
本文编号：2158107
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