无尽居士张商英研究
发布时间：2018-08-07 20:50
【摘要】：宋代文献的整理研究逐渐成为近年历史文献研究的热点，一个时代的研究可以分为整体性研究和个案性研究等不同畛域，整体性研究必须依托大量的基础性个案的整理，，这样，在整体的综合判断上才不至于流于主观臆断。同时，个案研究必须是置于整个社会历史文化背景下的个案研究，每一个科学、客观的个案研究，由个别可以窥见一般，其中亦可以透视出某些带有历史价值的规律性。 张商英在北宋政局中不是一个起决定作用的关键性人物，但其个人比较富有特色：他早年追随熙丰新政，后来作为宰辅绍述新政，政治倾向属于新党的代表性人物，而且颇有“忧国而不惜官”的贤士风范，其直言极谏，不可避免受旧党集团攻击，同时又屡屡与新党权力核心发生冲突，多次遭受新党集团的挤压排斥；他自幼浸淫儒学，终其一生不失其文人士大夫的身份，但早年沾染道风，中年开始向佛，曾受黄龙派东林常总禅师的印可，禅学修养较高，最终得以列入黄龙派兜率从悦禅师的法嗣，是北宋中后期佛教乃至道教最得力的外护居士；他会通儒、释、道三教，主张三教融合，推动了宋代三教融合的进一步发展；他好尚稽古右文，收辑整理了儒、释、道三家的一些文献，尚有七部编著文献以及一系列诗文存世。故而在后世，尤其在佛教界、道教界和民间有较大的影响力。 文献只是信息载体的一种，张商英个人负载有纷繁的评价，崇之者推之为大贤完人，贬之者斥之为跳梁小丑，如果不从古典文献的本来记载予以寻根究源，我们很容易受前人的非理性判断所左右，而难以给出一个比较客观的评述。历史只是关于过去的有目的性的记载，我们已经无法还原张商英思想与行为的完全真实，但通过文献的整理与研究，或可以尽可能重现张商英的部分面目。
[Abstract]:The research on the collation of the literature in Song Dynasty has gradually become a hot topic in the study of historical documents in recent years. The research of a time can be divided into two different domains, such as holistic research and case study. The holistic study must rely on the arrangement of a large number of basic cases. In the overall comprehensive judgment so as not to flow in subjective speculation. At the same time, the case study must be a case study under the background of the whole society, history and culture. Every scientific and objective case study can be seen by individual, and some regularity with historical value can also be found out. Zhang Shangying was not a decisive figure in the political situation of the Northern Song Dynasty, but his personal characteristics were relatively rich: in his early years, he followed the Xifeng New deal, and later as Zizuzuo, he described the New deal, and his political tendencies belonged to the representative figures of the New Party. Moreover, the virtuous personage of "worrying about the country but not at the expense of the government", whose outspoken admonition was inevitably attacked by the old party and clique, at the same time repeatedly conflicted with the power core of the New Party, and was repeatedly squeezed and rejected by the New Party and the clique; he had been immersed in Confucianism since he was a child. Throughout his life, he did not lose his status as a literati and bureaucrat, but in his early years he became infected with Taoism and began to turn to the Buddha. He was once imprinted by the Huanglong School of Donglin Changzheng Zen Master, and his cultivation of Zen was relatively high. Finally, he was included in the Huanglong School of Dharma from the Dharma Master of Yuet Chan. He was the most effective protector of Buddhism and even Taoism in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty. He understood Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, advocated the integration of the three religions and promoted the further development of the integration of the three religions in the Song Dynasty. There are seven books and a series of poems. Therefore, in later generations, especially in Buddhism, Taoism and folk have greater influence. The literature is only one kind of information carrier, Zhang Shangying's personal load has numerous appraisals, the worshipers call it the great virtuous and the perfect, and the derogatory dismiss it as a clown, if they do not search for the source of their roots from the original records of the classical documents. We are easily influenced by the irrational judgment of our predecessors, and it is difficult to give an objective comment. History is only a purposeful record of the past. We can no longer restore the complete truth of Zhang Shangying's thought and behavior, but through the collation and study of the literature, we can reproduce some of Zhang Shangying's features as much as possible.
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K244
[Abstract]:The research on the collation of the literature in Song Dynasty has gradually become a hot topic in the study of historical documents in recent years. The research of a time can be divided into two different domains, such as holistic research and case study. The holistic study must rely on the arrangement of a large number of basic cases. In the overall comprehensive judgment so as not to flow in subjective speculation. At the same time, the case study must be a case study under the background of the whole society, history and culture. Every scientific and objective case study can be seen by individual, and some regularity with historical value can also be found out. Zhang Shangying was not a decisive figure in the political situation of the Northern Song Dynasty, but his personal characteristics were relatively rich: in his early years, he followed the Xifeng New deal, and later as Zizuzuo, he described the New deal, and his political tendencies belonged to the representative figures of the New Party. Moreover, the virtuous personage of "worrying about the country but not at the expense of the government", whose outspoken admonition was inevitably attacked by the old party and clique, at the same time repeatedly conflicted with the power core of the New Party, and was repeatedly squeezed and rejected by the New Party and the clique; he had been immersed in Confucianism since he was a child. Throughout his life, he did not lose his status as a literati and bureaucrat, but in his early years he became infected with Taoism and began to turn to the Buddha. He was once imprinted by the Huanglong School of Donglin Changzheng Zen Master, and his cultivation of Zen was relatively high. Finally, he was included in the Huanglong School of Dharma from the Dharma Master of Yuet Chan. He was the most effective protector of Buddhism and even Taoism in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty. He understood Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, advocated the integration of the three religions and promoted the further development of the integration of the three religions in the Song Dynasty. There are seven books and a series of poems. Therefore, in later generations, especially in Buddhism, Taoism and folk have greater influence. The literature is only one kind of information carrier, Zhang Shangying's personal load has numerous appraisals, the worshipers call it the great virtuous and the perfect, and the derogatory dismiss it as a clown, if they do not search for the source of their roots from the original records of the classical documents. We are easily influenced by the irrational judgment of our predecessors, and it is difficult to give an objective comment. History is only a purposeful record of the past. We can no longer restore the complete truth of Zhang Shangying's thought and behavior, but through the collation and study of the literature, we can reproduce some of Zhang Shangying's features as much as possible.
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K244
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