南宋城市化进程与城市类型分析

发布时间：2018-08-17 11:50

【摘要】：两宋城市化进程,在中国传统社会中处于一个空前绝后的制高点上,尤以南宋时期表现得最为鲜明。如果说北宋的历史功绩主要表现在城墙之内的"坊市制"被临街设店的"街巷制"所取代,那么南宋的历史功绩主要表现在城区的扩展又突破了城墙的束缚,而使城郊和市区连成一片。南宋市镇数量激增,城市人口比重高达13%—14%,城市化率不仅远超汉唐,且为明清所不及。与此同时,城市的经济意义明显增长,中古时期的政治、军事型城镇开始向近世型经济城市转型,且有一批生产型城市侧身其间。促成南宋城市化进程加速推进的主要动力是商品经济的繁盛和市场的拓展。这个进程不仅使农民向小商品生产者加速转化,农村人口向城市加速转移,而且带来了国家财政结构的调整和人们思想观念的变化,影响深远。
[Abstract]:In traditional Chinese society, the urbanization of the two Song dynasties was at an unprecedented height, especially in the Southern Song Dynasty. If the historical achievements of the Northern Song Dynasty are mainly reflected in the replacement of the "Fangshi system" within the city walls by the "street-lane system" set up on the street, then the historical achievements of the Southern Song Dynasty are mainly reflected in the expansion of the urban areas and the breakthrough of the shackles of the city walls. And make the suburbs and urban areas into one. The number of towns in the Southern Song Dynasty increased sharply, the proportion of urban population was as high as 13- 14. The urbanization rate not only exceeded the Han and Tang dynasties, but also the Ming and Qing dynasties. At the same time, the economic significance of the city increased obviously, and the political and military cities and towns of the Middle Ancient period began to transform to the modern economic cities, and a number of productive cities flanked during the period. The prosperity of commodity economy and the expansion of market are the main driving force to accelerate the process of urbanization in the Southern Song Dynasty. This process not only accelerates the transformation of farmers to small commodity producers, but also accelerates the transfer of rural population to cities, and brings about the adjustment of national financial structure and the change of people's ideas, which has far-reaching influence.
【作者单位】：集美大学财经学院;北京师范大学历史学院;
【分类号】：K245

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