两周民本思想研究

发布时间：2018-08-30 18:35

【摘要】： 从萌芽到转型，两周民本思想的发展在整个传统民本思想的演进历程中构成一个明晰的单元。本文将紧扣社会运动的脉搏，力争最大限度地勾勒出民本思想在两周历史中发生、发展、转型的全景图象。第一章——两周民本思想的历史渊源，着重探研两周民本思想产生的历史依据。作者认为原始文明的民主精神和人道主义精神以及早期社会的重民保民思想构成了民本思想的最基本素材。第二章——商周革命与周初民本思想的萌芽，研讨民本思想的萌芽情况。政权在商周之间的骤然转移为周初统治者带来的不仅是胜利的喜悦，更是对事件的惊惧和反思，以武王、周公、召公为首的周初统治者深刻认识到民众之于王朝兴衰的重大意义，进而提出了“明德慎罚”、“重民保民”等政治原则，民本思想在这种背景下萌芽生成。尽管随着王权的日益稳固，其生长趋势在西周中后期有所弱化，但由于民本传统已经深植于政治土壤，所以其发展并未断续。第三章——春秋时代的社会变革与重民保民思潮的兴起，探讨重民保民思潮在春秋时代兴起的原因和盛况。春秋时代，王室衰微，霸主迭兴，权力纷争愈演愈烈，社会各层面都处于激烈的动荡和转型中；然而，越来越多的思想家和政治家认识到主导社会演化历程的是民众的力量，于是民在民——神、民——君关系中逐步走上前台，出现了民为神主，君为民设等政治新主张，民本思潮也在这政治氛围中呈现出前所未有的高涨。第四章——孔子的民本思想，在总结春秋时代思想成果的基础上，孔子建立了自己的民本思想体系，，他的德治主张和仁的学说无疑将民本思想推到一个新的高度。第五章——社会变革的加剧与思想领域的解放，介绍战国前期的政治变革和思想领域演进的新动向。风起云涌的变法运动为战争各国带来了封建新体制和实力的增长，但也带来了战争规模的空前扩大和惨烈程度的无限增加。在兼并与反兼并的斗争中，民众的力量无疑成了最具决定性的因素，于是越来越多的思想家在自己的思想体系中增加了民本的内容，并将其推向社会。第六章—百花齐放—民本思想发展的新时代，本章以墨、儒、道为代表介绍战国中前期民本思想发展的盛况。社会对于治术的巨大需求不可避免地带来思想领域的繁荣，由于民众地位凸显，民本政治成了各政治思想体系共同关注的主题，墨家以“兼爱”弘扬它，儒家以，’仁政”宣传它，道家以“无为”诊释它。“民贵君轻”说，“兼爱利民”说都是这一时代的产物。在诸子的推动下，民本思想的发展步入最辉煌的年代‘ 第七章—霸道的胜利和战国中后期的势利主义思潮，本章主要研究战国中后期的战争形势与士人思想观念的新变化。随着秦国统一形势明朗化，越来越多的士人流向秦国，并在思想上表现出对封建集权的板依，势利主义倾向日益明显，而民本思想开始被改造并向新的君本政权靠拢。第八章—民本思想的转型及其与集权政治的整合，本章以儒、法两家为代表探讨民本思想向封建集权的阪依过程。荀子的“舟水”关系说，韩非商鞍的“利而用之” 说是这一时代的产物。其饭依过程中民本思想逐渐收缩锋芒，向封建集权附贴，并在理论上首先完成与封建政治的整合。然而事情并不一帆风顺，秦汉政权的交替打乱了整合的步调，直到汉武帝时代，实践意义上的整合才最终完成。
[Abstract]:From germination to transformation, the development of people-oriented thought in the two weeks constitutes a clear unit in the evolution of the whole traditional people-oriented thought.
The first chapter is the historical origin of the people-oriented thought of the two weeks, focusing on the historical basis for the emergence of the people-oriented thought of the two weeks.
The abrupt transfer of the regime between the Shang and Zhou Dynasties brought not only the joy of victory, but also the fear and reflection of events. The rulers of the early Zhou Dynasty, headed by King Wu, Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong, had a profound understanding of the people's influence on the dynasty's prosperity. In this context, the people-based thought sprouted. Although its growth trend weakened in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty, the people-based tradition has been deeply rooted in the political soil, so its development has not been interrupted.
Chapter 3 - Social changes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the rise of the trend of thought of emphasizing the people and protecting the people, discusses the reasons and prosperity of the trend of thought of emphasizing the people and protecting the people in the Spring and Autumn Period. Recognizing that it is the power of the people that dominates the evolution of society, the people step up to the front stage in the relationship between the people and the gods and between the people and the monarch. New political propositions such as the people as the God and the monarch for the people have emerged, and the trend of people-based thought has also shown an unprecedented upsurge in this political atmosphere.
Chapter Four: Confucius'people-oriented thought. On the basis of summarizing the achievements of the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius established his own people-oriented thought system. His theory of rule by virtue and benevolence undoubtedly pushed the people-oriented thought to a new height.
Chapter Five, the intensification of social change and the emancipation of the ideological field, introduces the new trends of political change and the evolution of the ideological field in the early Warring States Period. In the struggle against annexation, the power of the people has undoubtedly become the most decisive factor, so more and more thinkers in their own ideological system to add people-oriented content, and push it to society.
The sixth chapter - hundred flowers bloom - a new era of the development of people-oriented thought. This chapter is based on ink, Confucianism and Taoism.
This paper introduces the development of the people-oriented thought in the middle and early Warring States Period.
The prosperity of the ideological sphere, because of the prominent status of the people, has become the theme of common concern of all political and ideological systems.
Mohism promotes it with universal love, Confucianism propagates it with benevolent government, and Taoism interprets it with inaction.
The theory of "light" and "concurrent love for the people" are all the products of this era.
In the most brilliant era
The seventh chapter is the victory of hegemony and the trend of snobbish in the middle and later period of the Warring States period.
The war situation and the new changes of the intellectuals'ideas and ideas
In the Qin Dynasty, and in the ideological manifestation of the feudal centralization of rigid, snobbish tendencies are increasingly obvious, and people-oriented thinking
It began to be transformed and moved closer to the new regime.
The eighth chapter is the transformation of the people-oriented ideology and its integration with totalitarian politics.
Hanfei's theory of the "boat-water" relationship and Han Fei's "use it for the benefit of the saddle"
It is said that it is the product of this era. In the course of its meal, the people-oriented thought gradually shrank its edge, attached to the feudal centralization of power, and in the meal.
Theoretically, the integration with feudal politics was completed first. However, things were not smooth, and the alternation of Qin and Han regimes disrupted it.
The pace of integration did not complete until the time of Emperor Wu.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K224

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