清代江西乡试研究
发布时间：2018-09-01 17:09
【摘要】：本论文以时间与空间、制度史与活动史的交叉综合为研究思路,将清代江西乡试作为专门研究对象进行深入系统研究,得出若干结论。具体内容如下: 第一章,清代江西乡试概述。首先,以制度史和活动史相交叉,勾勒出清代江西乡试试期、考生、点名、搜检、揭晓和磨勘等基本程式的内容和特点;其次,将乡试中额分为正榜中额、副榜中额和恩赏中额三部分,探究其内容与变化特征;最后,梳理江西贡院的演变特征,即早期的颠沛流离,中期在兴毁更迭中发展壮大和晚期从鼎盛步入消亡。 第二章,清代江西乡试闱官。其中,外帘官由监临、监试、提调和外帘所诸所官等人员组成,他们职责清晰,分工明确,环环相扣;内帘官即主考官和同考官的简派、行程、命题、衡文标准及阅卷既有共性又有个性;此外,为减少随机误差,清代还建立了严密的闱官回避和关防制度。 第三章,查嗣庭案、乡试舞弊和违式案交织而成清代江西乡试风云。查嗣庭案背后有复杂的主、客观方面的原因,但江西乡试命题失慎是此案爆发的导火索;清代江西科场作弊手法多样,其中以夹带和记诵旧文为主;清代江西乡试违式,则主要体现于犯下与触讳、誊真草率和添注涂改违例等几个方面。 第四章,通过明清两代的比较,抽象出清代江西解元和举人地理分布的特征:由区域间的严重不均衡向相对均衡演化。解元数量方面,赣中是聚集区,但清代吉安府出现急骤下滑,而建昌和抚州两府则呈崛起之势。解元的县域分布,则呈现出分散化和均衡化特征;举人数量方面,赣中为集聚区,但各府(州)趋于均衡化,表现为吉安府的急剧下降和建昌府的显著上升,以及赣南、赣北诸府一定程度的增长。各县(厅、州)的举人分布,则向均衡化的方向发展。 第五章,清代江西乡试鹿鸣宴。鹿鸣宴起源于乡饮酒礼,在唐代进入科举仪礼制度中,宋代的鹿鸣宴趋于极盛,元、明两代则明显式微。鹿鸣宴在清代得以恢复,江西为乡试大省,其鹿鸣宴具有重要的研究地位,本研究以年老举人重赴鹿鸣宴作为江西乡试鹿鸣宴的考察视角。 本研究的贡献在于,以历史法和统计法等多种方法相结合,廓清了清代江西解元和举人分布的共时态、历时态特点。此外,对清代江西乡试所应涵盖的若干方面,如乡试基本程式、贡院、中额、闱官、科场案、解元和举人的地理分布及乡试鹿鸣宴等,进行了较为全面深入的分析和研究,得出若干重要结论,在一定程度上填补了该领域多个方面的空白。
[Abstract]:Based on the cross-integration of time and space, institutional history and activity history, this paper makes a deep and systematic study on Jiangxi rural test in Qing Dynasty, and draws some conclusions. The specific content is as follows: the first chapter, the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi rural trial overview. First of all, the content and characteristics of the basic procedures, such as the trial period, examinees, roll call, inspection, disclosure and examination, etc. of Jiangxi Township in the Qing Dynasty, are outlined by the intersection of the history of the system and the history of activities. Secondly, the places in the rural examination are divided into the middle places on the list. In this part, the author explores its contents and characteristics of change. Finally, it combs the evolution characteristics of Jiangxi Gong Yuan, that is, the early displacement, the development and growth of the middle period in the rise and destruction, and the late period from the peak to the end. The second chapter, the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi township trial Wei officials. Among them, the outer curtain officials are composed of personnel such as probation, promotion, and external curtain offices. Their duties are clear, their division of labor is clear, and they are linked to each other; the inner curtain officials are the simple schools of examiners and examiners, their itineraries and propositions. In addition, in order to reduce the random error, the Qing Dynasty also established a strict system of evading and guarding officials. The third chapter, Chasiting case, rural trial fraud and illegal cases intertwined into the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi rural trial. There are complicated subjective and objective reasons behind the case, but the accident of Jiangxi Rural trial topic is the trigger of the case. In the Qing Dynasty, Jiangxi Branch Field cheated in a variety of ways, mainly by taking and memorizing the old text; in the Qing Dynasty, the rural trial was conducted against the rules. It is mainly reflected in such aspects as committing and touching taboo, true sloppy transcripts and alteration. The fourth chapter, through the comparison between the Ming and Qing dynasties, abstracts the characteristics of the geographical distribution of Jiangxi Province in Qing Dynasty: from the serious imbalance between regions to the relative equilibrium. In terms of the number of solution elements, the central Jiangxi Province is a gathering area, but the Ji'an Prefecture of Qing Dynasty has a sharp decline, while Jianchang and Fuzhou are on the rise. In terms of the number of people, the central Jiangxi Province is a gathering area, but the provinces (prefectures) tend to be equalized, which is manifested by the sharp decline of Ji'an Prefecture and the remarkable rise of Jianchang Prefecture, as well as the south of Jiangxi Province. The growth of the governments in northern Jiangxi was to a certain extent. The distribution of people in counties (departments, states) develops in the direction of equalization. Chapter V, the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi Rural trial Banquet. The venison banquet originated from the ritual of drinking in the countryside. In the Tang Dynasty when the imperial examination ceremony system entered the Song Dynasty the venison banquet tended to be extremely prosperous the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming dynasties were obviously declined. In the Qing Dynasty, the Banquet of Deer Rings was restored. Jiangxi Province is a big province, and the Banquet of Deer Rings has an important research status. This study regards the elderly people to the Banquet of Deer Rings as the angle of view of the rural trial of the Banquet of Deer Rings in Jiangxi Province. The contribution of this study lies in the combination of historical and statistical methods to clarify the characteristics of the syntenses and chronological features of the distribution in Jiangxi Province in Qing Dynasty. In addition, some aspects that should be covered by Jiangxi Rural Test Institute in Qing Dynasty, such as the basic procedure of rural test, the gongyuan, the middle post, the imperial official, the case of the branch, the geographical distribution of the explanation of the Yuan Dynasty and the holding of the people, and the banquet of the village trial, etc., were analyzed and studied in a more comprehensive and in-depth manner. A number of important conclusions have been drawn, to a certain extent, to fill the gaps in many aspects of the field.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：G529;K249
本文编号：2217837
[Abstract]:Based on the cross-integration of time and space, institutional history and activity history, this paper makes a deep and systematic study on Jiangxi rural test in Qing Dynasty, and draws some conclusions. The specific content is as follows: the first chapter, the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi rural trial overview. First of all, the content and characteristics of the basic procedures, such as the trial period, examinees, roll call, inspection, disclosure and examination, etc. of Jiangxi Township in the Qing Dynasty, are outlined by the intersection of the history of the system and the history of activities. Secondly, the places in the rural examination are divided into the middle places on the list. In this part, the author explores its contents and characteristics of change. Finally, it combs the evolution characteristics of Jiangxi Gong Yuan, that is, the early displacement, the development and growth of the middle period in the rise and destruction, and the late period from the peak to the end. The second chapter, the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi township trial Wei officials. Among them, the outer curtain officials are composed of personnel such as probation, promotion, and external curtain offices. Their duties are clear, their division of labor is clear, and they are linked to each other; the inner curtain officials are the simple schools of examiners and examiners, their itineraries and propositions. In addition, in order to reduce the random error, the Qing Dynasty also established a strict system of evading and guarding officials. The third chapter, Chasiting case, rural trial fraud and illegal cases intertwined into the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi rural trial. There are complicated subjective and objective reasons behind the case, but the accident of Jiangxi Rural trial topic is the trigger of the case. In the Qing Dynasty, Jiangxi Branch Field cheated in a variety of ways, mainly by taking and memorizing the old text; in the Qing Dynasty, the rural trial was conducted against the rules. It is mainly reflected in such aspects as committing and touching taboo, true sloppy transcripts and alteration. The fourth chapter, through the comparison between the Ming and Qing dynasties, abstracts the characteristics of the geographical distribution of Jiangxi Province in Qing Dynasty: from the serious imbalance between regions to the relative equilibrium. In terms of the number of solution elements, the central Jiangxi Province is a gathering area, but the Ji'an Prefecture of Qing Dynasty has a sharp decline, while Jianchang and Fuzhou are on the rise. In terms of the number of people, the central Jiangxi Province is a gathering area, but the provinces (prefectures) tend to be equalized, which is manifested by the sharp decline of Ji'an Prefecture and the remarkable rise of Jianchang Prefecture, as well as the south of Jiangxi Province. The growth of the governments in northern Jiangxi was to a certain extent. The distribution of people in counties (departments, states) develops in the direction of equalization. Chapter V, the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi Rural trial Banquet. The venison banquet originated from the ritual of drinking in the countryside. In the Tang Dynasty when the imperial examination ceremony system entered the Song Dynasty the venison banquet tended to be extremely prosperous the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming dynasties were obviously declined. In the Qing Dynasty, the Banquet of Deer Rings was restored. Jiangxi Province is a big province, and the Banquet of Deer Rings has an important research status. This study regards the elderly people to the Banquet of Deer Rings as the angle of view of the rural trial of the Banquet of Deer Rings in Jiangxi Province. The contribution of this study lies in the combination of historical and statistical methods to clarify the characteristics of the syntenses and chronological features of the distribution in Jiangxi Province in Qing Dynasty. In addition, some aspects that should be covered by Jiangxi Rural Test Institute in Qing Dynasty, such as the basic procedure of rural test, the gongyuan, the middle post, the imperial official, the case of the branch, the geographical distribution of the explanation of the Yuan Dynasty and the holding of the people, and the banquet of the village trial, etc., were analyzed and studied in a more comprehensive and in-depth manner. A number of important conclusions have been drawn, to a certain extent, to fill the gaps in many aspects of the field.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：G529;K249
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 李海默;;“胡梅仙”即“胡焕”考[J];宁德师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版);2012年01期
2 李圣华;;查嗣庭案新论[J];浙江社会科学;2013年07期
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 楚江;清代举人额数的统计[D];湖南大学;2012年
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