试论清前期对归化城土默特的统治政策

发布时间：2018-09-02 07:20

【摘要】：天聪六年(1632)至乾隆二十八年(1763)清廷历太宗、圣祖、世宗、高宗四朝，几经变革最终将归化城土默特统辖权收归中央。此间，因时势多变，历朝的具体策略亦不尽相同。文章将这段繁复的历史过程清晰化，总归为三步，进而探究每一步的真实原因。第一步，天聪九年(1635)，清廷冠土默特领主俄木布“谋反”罪名，夺其权位，另设异姓都统管领此部。文章反复斟酌史料、比勘映证，论断清廷此举实属蓄意而为，并从政治、经济、宗教三方面探索清廷夺俄木布领主权位的真实原因。第二步，康熙二十二年(1683)至乾隆二十年(1755)，归化城土默特成为清准战争的“总要之地”，清廷因军事之需停袭两翼都统、副都统，补以京员。此间世宗一度恢复两翼都统、副都统世袭权，笔者通过史料分析，认为世宗此举乃战时权宜之策，并不违背清廷剥夺归化城土默特自治权的宗旨。第三步，乾隆二十八年(1763)，清廷进一步裁汰归化城土默特都统，以绥远城将军领之，直辖于理藩院。高宗此举主要源于归化城土默特于清朝镇绥西北的战略地位，此外，亦因其“塞外粮仓”、“商贾辐辏”的经济地位，加之受绥远城将军排挤，都统日渐沦为冗员，故裁汰已成定局。
[Abstract]:Tiancong six years (1632) to Qianlong 28 years (1763) imperial calendar Taizong, sacred ancestors, Shizong, Gao Zong four dynasties, after several changes will eventually naturalize the city of Tumert power to the central. Here, because of the changing times, history of specific strategies are not the same. In this paper, the complicated historical process is clarified into three steps, and then the real reasons for each step are explored. The first step, Tiancong nine years (1635), the Qing court crown Tumert lord of "conspiracy" charges, seized its power, and set up a different family name to govern the Ministry. The article considers the historical data repeatedly, compares and verifies the evidence, and concludes that the Qing court's action is deliberate, and explores the true reasons for the Qing court to seize the power of the king of Russian wooden cloth from three aspects: politics, economy and religion. The second step, Kangxi 22 years (1683) to Qianlong 20 years (1755), the naturalized city of Tumert became the Qing quasi-war, the Qing Dynasty because of the military need to stop attacking both wings of the unification, vice-unification, to fill the Beijing staff. Shizong once recovered both wings and had hereditary power. Through the analysis of historical data, the author thinks that Shizong's action is a wartime expedient policy, and does not run counter to the Qing Dynasty's purpose of depriving the naturalized city of Tumert's autonomy. The third step, 28 years of Qianlong (1763), the Qing court further cut out the naturalized city of Tumotedu, led by General Suiyuan City, directly under the jurisdiction of San Francisco. This move by Gao Zong mainly stemmed from the strategic position of the naturalized city of Tumert in the northwest of the town of Sui in the Qing Dynasty. In addition, because of its economic status of "barns outside the barns" and "convergence of merchants", and because of the exclusion of the general in Suiyuan City, all of them were gradually reduced to redundant members. Therefore, cut out has become a foregone conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K249.2

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