晚明士商互动研究

发布时间：2018-09-07 13:41

【摘要】：士和商在中国早期社会构成中，原本是相互独立发展的两个社会群体，随着时代的发展以及社会的变迁，在多种内外因素的作用下逐渐打破了隔阂，展开了互动。这种融合与互动在晚明时期达到一个新的高峰。一方面，两个群体相互趋近吸纳，使晚明官场出现新的变化，也为商品市场带来了新的经商思维模式；另一方面，士人与商人的互动，为二者间生活娱乐等方面注入了新的内涵，使社会产生新的思潮，并对晚明社会文化的发展产生了深远影响。本文以晚明时期士商互动作为主要切入点与论述的核心，着重从以下角度开展研究与分析：一，晚明以前士商关系发展的概况。对各个时期士商之间的交往现象进行概括与总结，分析不同历史时期士商关系所呈现的不同特色。二，晚明士商互动的表现。从晚明社会环境的变迁分析士人和商人思想上的变化，这种变化或出于社会环境等外在因素的影响，但归根结底，更多还是出于其对自身利益的考虑。三，晚明士商互动的原因分析。士和商的互动是一个双向行为，他们都是以对方的社会地位和财富作为彼此艳羡的目标而逐渐相互靠拢。本文先从士人和商人两个方面对此问题进行归纳和总结，再从思想上对二者的互动展开原因分析。四，晚明士商互动的特点以及评价。士商互动的发展，在满足自身需求之外，对晚明的吏治、商业以及社会风气带来了一些负面影响，，但也有其积极意义所在：士人经商有力地冲击了传统重农轻商的观念，商人的社会地位也随之发生了改变。总之，士人和商人在中国古代社会中占据了相当重要的地位，对社会的发展有着重要影响。把握中国古代社会中这两个社会群体的发展状况，对于我们研究中国古代社会发展历史有着重要意义。
[Abstract]:In the early social composition of China, Scholars and Shang were originally two independent social groups. With the development of the times and the changes of society, they gradually broke the estrangement and interacted with each other under the action of many internal and external factors. This fusion and interaction reached a new peak in the late Ming Dynasty. On the one hand, the two groups came close to each other and absorbed each other, resulting in new changes in the official field in the late Ming Dynasty, which also brought a new mode of business thinking for the commodity market; on the other hand, the interaction between scholars and businessmen, It injects new connotation into the life and entertainment between the two, makes the society have a new trend of thought, and has a profound influence on the development of the social culture in the late Ming Dynasty. This paper takes the interaction between scholars and merchants in the late Ming Dynasty as the main breakthrough point and the core of the discussion, focusing on the following aspects: first, the general situation of the development of the relationship between scholars and merchants before the late Ming Dynasty. This paper generalizes and summarizes the phenomenon of communication between scholars and merchants in different periods, and analyzes the different characteristics of the relationship between scholars and merchants in different historical periods. Second, the performance of the interaction between scholars and merchants in the late Ming Dynasty. From the changes of the social environment in the late Ming Dynasty, the changes in the thought of scholars and businessmen were analyzed, which were influenced by external factors such as social environment, but in the final analysis, it was more out of their own interests. Third, the reason analysis of the interaction between scholars and merchants in the late Ming Dynasty. The interaction between scholars and merchants is a two-way behavior, and they all regard each other's social status and wealth as the envy of each other and gradually draw close to each other. This paper sums up and summarizes this problem from two aspects of scholars and merchants, and then analyzes the reason of their interaction. Fourth, the characteristics and evaluation of the interaction between scholars and merchants in the late Ming Dynasty. The development of the interaction between scholars and merchants, in addition to meeting their own needs, brought some negative effects to the local administration, commerce and social atmosphere in the late Ming Dynasty, but it also had its positive significance: the scholars' business had a strong impact on the traditional concept of valuing agriculture rather than commerce. The social status of businessmen also changed. In a word, scholars and merchants occupied a very important position in ancient Chinese society and had an important influence on the development of society. It is of great significance for us to study the history of the development of Chinese ancient society by grasping the development of these two social groups in ancient Chinese society.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K248

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