乾隆朝酒禁政策研究
发布时间：2018-09-08 07:24
【摘要】：清初在对酒的管理上，原本采取的是顺其自然的宽容政策。康雍两朝对酒的控制较为松弛。乾隆时期，粮食价格的居高不下、人口的迅猛膨胀、人均可耕地面积的骤减使潜伏的社会危机日益浮现。乾隆初年先后发布大量的指示，，严禁酒曲制造与流通，并先后组织朝臣和封疆大吏针对禁酒的具体细节进行分析，并且对禁酒事实上的可行与否进行了激烈的讨论。虽然这两次讨论所提出的建议并没有超越前人思索的窠臼，但却使禁酒政策在实施的过程中避免了极端化和盲目性。因此，乾隆朝的酒禁政策呈现出区域性、选择性和内在矛盾性的特点。但是酒禁政策最终没能达到统治者的主观愿望，决策的理想化与现实的操作之间的差距正说明了这一政策的不可行性。嘉庆四年，清朝取消了酒禁政策，开始在全国范围内征收酒曲之税。乾隆朝的酒禁政策实质上是，试图用国家强力干预自发的商品经济行为，以保证农本国策的贯彻，进而稳定社会局势的一种设想。但是乾隆时期所面临的问题是：人口数量的膨胀已经超出了封建经济结构所能承受的限度，隐藏在这一结构中的固疾也因人口因素的刺激而逐渐恶化，并扩散到清朝政权的各个角落。而酒禁政策实际上还是停留在一般性的表层修补，于事并无裨益。
[Abstract]:In the early Qing Dynasty, the management of wine was originally adopted a tolerant policy of letting nature take its course. Kangyong two dynasties to the wine control is relatively relaxed. During the Qianlong period, the high grain price, the rapid expansion of population and the sharp decrease of per capita arable land made the latent social crisis emerge day by day. Qianlong issued a large number of instructions in the early years, forbidden the manufacture and circulation of wine, and organized courtiers and officials to analyze the details of the prohibition, and discussed the feasibility of prohibition. Although the suggestions made by these two discussions do not exceed the conventional thinking of predecessors, the policy of prohibition of alcohol has avoided extreme and blindness in the process of implementation. Therefore, the policy of prohibition of alcohol in Qianlong Dynasty showed regional, selective and internal contradictory characteristics. However, the policy of alcohol ban failed to achieve the subjective wishes of the rulers, and the gap between the idealization of decision-making and the operation of reality shows that the policy is not feasible. Jiaqing four years, the Qing Dynasty to abolish the ban on alcohol, began to levy a nationwide tax on wine. The policy of banning alcohol in Qianlong Dynasty was a tentative idea to use the state to intervene in the spontaneous commodity economy behavior in order to ensure the implementation of the peasant policy and to stabilize the social situation. But the problem in the Qianlong period was that the population expansion had exceeded the limits of the feudal economic structure, and the underlying diseases hidden in the structure had been gradually worsened by the stimulation of population factors. And spread to every corner of the Qing regime. But the prohibition policy actually stays in the general surface repair, does not benefit in the matter.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K249.3
本文编号：2229795
[Abstract]:In the early Qing Dynasty, the management of wine was originally adopted a tolerant policy of letting nature take its course. Kangyong two dynasties to the wine control is relatively relaxed. During the Qianlong period, the high grain price, the rapid expansion of population and the sharp decrease of per capita arable land made the latent social crisis emerge day by day. Qianlong issued a large number of instructions in the early years, forbidden the manufacture and circulation of wine, and organized courtiers and officials to analyze the details of the prohibition, and discussed the feasibility of prohibition. Although the suggestions made by these two discussions do not exceed the conventional thinking of predecessors, the policy of prohibition of alcohol has avoided extreme and blindness in the process of implementation. Therefore, the policy of prohibition of alcohol in Qianlong Dynasty showed regional, selective and internal contradictory characteristics. However, the policy of alcohol ban failed to achieve the subjective wishes of the rulers, and the gap between the idealization of decision-making and the operation of reality shows that the policy is not feasible. Jiaqing four years, the Qing Dynasty to abolish the ban on alcohol, began to levy a nationwide tax on wine. The policy of banning alcohol in Qianlong Dynasty was a tentative idea to use the state to intervene in the spontaneous commodity economy behavior in order to ensure the implementation of the peasant policy and to stabilize the social situation. But the problem in the Qianlong period was that the population expansion had exceeded the limits of the feudal economic structure, and the underlying diseases hidden in the structure had been gradually worsened by the stimulation of population factors. And spread to every corner of the Qing regime. But the prohibition policy actually stays in the general surface repair, does not benefit in the matter.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K249.3
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 郭旭;;清末民初酒税制度因革论[J];贵州文史丛刊;2011年04期
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 奚丽芳;清乾隆朝荒政研究[D];浙江工商大学;2010年
本文编号：2229795
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