买地券所见宋元时期的城乡区划与组织

发布时间：2018-10-12 17:19

【摘要】：今见宋辽金元时期买地券约250种。根据买地券对亡人生前居里、葬地所在的记录,可以窥知宋元时期城乡区划与组织层面的若干侧面。(1)宋元时期,城市中所设置的"厢",已渐次演变为城内(或包括部分城下街区)区划与户籍、治安管理单元,是一级相对完整的社会管理单元。(2)宋元时期城镇中的"坊",当是为管理坊郭户而普遍设立的基层社会管理单元。(3)宋元时期的"社",有三种情形,一是指"里"或"图",是里、图的异称;二是民间信仰组织,多以自然村落为单位;三是金元所推行的"社制"之"社",主要行于北方地区。(4)宋元时期,北方地区乡村社会的基本单元,一直是"村";"里"已基本退出乡村社会生活与赋役、治安管理的范畴。金代村社与元代社制之成立,乃是晚唐五代以来北方地区作为民间信仰组织的"社"逐步演化的结果。(5)在南方地区,北宋前中期,"里"应当是县以下实际发挥作用的基层组织;保甲法推行后,"里"也向较单纯的地域概念演化,但仍然发挥着界定地域单元的作用;直到元代,至少在部分地区,"里"作为一种相对稳定的地域单元,仍然存在并为人们所知。
[Abstract]:See Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties to buy about 250 kinds of coupons. According to the records of the place of residence and burial of the deceased, we can see some aspects of the division and organization of urban and rural areas in the Song and Yuan dynasties. (1) during the Song and Yuan dynasties, The "car" set up in the city has gradually evolved into an in-city (or including part of the sub-city block) zoning and household registration, security management unit, It is a relatively complete social management unit at the first level. (2) the "Fang" in the towns of the Song and Yuan dynasties should be the grass-roots social management unit generally established to manage the Fangguo households. (3) there are three kinds of "social management units" in the Song and Yuan dynasties. One is "Li" or "Chu", and the other is Li. The second is the folk belief organization, which is mostly based on the natural villages, and the third is the "society" implemented by the Jin and Yuan dynasties, mainly in the northern region. (4) during the Song and Yuan dynasties, the basic unit of the rural society in the northern region, It has been a village and has basically withdrawn from rural social life and servitude and public security management. The establishment of village community in Jin and Yuan dynasties is the result of the gradual evolution of "society" as a folk belief organization in the north area since the late Tang and five dynasties. (5) in the southern region, in the early and middle period of the Northern Song Dynasty, "Li" should be a grass-roots organization below the county level. After the implementation of Baojia Law, "Li" also evolved to a relatively simple regional concept, but still played the role of defining regional units. Until the Yuan Dynasty, at least in some areas, "Li" was a relatively stable regional unit. It still exists and is known.
【作者单位】：厦门大学历史系;
【分类号】：F329;K244;K247

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