亦商亦盗:灶户管理模式转变与明中期泉州沿海地方动乱

发布时间：2018-10-16 21:48

【摘要】：明初,在本色盐课和亲身应役的户役制度下,泉州灶户被束缚于盐场。随着正统年间盐课折米及里甲赋役改革,明中叶灶户管理模式发生转变,官府对灶户的管理重心转向货币赋税的征收。泉州灶户人身控制减弱、职业不再受限制,生计出现多样化。而改折后的盐政运作亦迫使灶户买米卖盐。以此为契机,泉州灶户广泛进行海上贸易,在海道不靖及明廷厉行海禁、开海后船引额数有限的情况下,灶户或"与贼为市",或参与海盗集团,亦商亦盗。明中叶泉州沿海地区动乱与当地海上贸易繁荣而国家推行海禁政策不无有关系,而灶户管理模式转变及泉州沿海社会变迁是其更为深刻的社会机制。
[Abstract]:In the early Ming Dynasty, Quanzhou Zaohu was bound to salt field under the system of salt lessons and personal servitude. With the reform of salt and rice in the orthodox years and the reform of the tax service in Lijia, the management mode of the stove households in the middle of Ming Dynasty changed, and the management focus of the government turned to the collection of monetary taxes. Quanzhou stove household personal control weakened, the occupation is no longer restricted, livelihood diversification. The operation of the salt policy after the reform also forced the cookers to buy rice and sell salt. Taking this as an opportunity, Quanzhou Zaohu engaged in extensive maritime trade. When the sea was not quiet and the Ming court had imposed a ban on the sea, and after the opening of the sea, the number of boat leads was limited, Zaohu either "became a city with thieves", or participated in a pirate group, and so did he. The turmoil in the coastal areas of Quanzhou in the middle of Ming Dynasty has something to do with the prosperity of local maritime trade and the implementation of the policy of banning the sea by the state, and the transformation of the management mode of the stove households and the social changes along the coast of Quanzhou are its more profound social mechanisms.
【作者单位】：兰州大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目青年项目“明清灶户制度运作与福建盐场社会变迁”(13CZS023)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K248

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