明代嘉湖地区的桑基生态与小农性格的发展

发布时间：2018-10-18 10:00

【摘要】：明代嘉湖地区的小农生态关系基于桑基农业而形成,小农家庭对田野、自然灾害、动植物以及家庭内部的环境都可以达到一定的控制能力,桑基农业系统可以不断实行集约化提高产量。在国家重赋和人口增长的推动下,人们更多地以桑基生态农业的形态来适应压力的增加。官方重赋影响着土地利用程度,也影响着小农家庭的心理承受能力和管理水平。市场力量左右着桑叶与养蚕的平衡以及桑树品种与养鱼方式的选择,这些都需要男人对市场有高度的敏感性。蚕桑业与丝织业环境的调节基本上通过家内的女性完成,她们不单对田野桑树的生境敏感,对养蚕和丝织业的温度控制和用水选择,以及以住宅为中心的环境也有敏感,高度的生产敏感性逐步成为江南小农的性格。
[Abstract]:The ecological relationship among small-scale farmers in the Jia-Hu area of the Ming Dynasty was formed on the basis of Sangji agriculture. Smallholder families could control the fields, natural disasters, animals and plants, and the environment within the family to a certain extent. Mulberry-based agricultural system can continue to implement intensive production. Under the impetus of national relegation and population growth, people adapt to the increasing pressure by using the form of mulberry ecological agriculture. The official retax affects the land use level and the psychological capacity and management level of the smallholder family. Market forces determine the balance between mulberry leaves and sericulture, and the choice of mulberry varieties and fish farming methods, all of which require men to be highly sensitive to the market. The adjustment of the environment of sericulture and silk industry is basically done through the women in the home. They are sensitive not only to the habitat of mulberry trees in the field, but also to the temperature control and water use choice of sericulture and silk industry, as well as to the environment centered on housing. High sensitivity to production has gradually become the character of small farmers in the south of the Yangtze River.
【作者单位】：复旦大学历史地理研究中心;
【基金】：国家重大社会科学基金项目“宋代以来长江三角洲环境变迁史研究”(批准号:09&ZD068) 复旦大学丁诺尔中心项目《气候、水土环境与江南生态史(9-20世纪)》阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：F329;K248

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