陆贾《新语》在儒家思想史上的地位初探

发布时间:2018-11-04 13:25
【摘要】:陆贾是汉初的一名重要的政治人物,而作为学者的陆贾也很重要,其《新语》在儒家思想史上占有重要的地位。 从《新语》与《论语》的比较研究可以看出,陆贾熟习《论语》,并能对其材料灵活运用,陆贾在《新语》还称述五经六艺,服膺孔子之道,其学术的远源可推至孔子。从《新语》与《春秋谷梁传》的比较研究可以看,陆贾从浮丘伯受《谷梁传》,而浮丘伯则是战国后期的大儒荀子的弟子,陆贾《新语》也有受荀子思想影响之处,更说明陆贾是私淑荀子的。 陆贾《新语》是为刘邦所作书,突出体现了具有儒家特质的政治思想。陆贾提出了“道术”的概念,指的是统治者应当准之而行的“帝王之道”,其切近的意义则是“五帝之术”、“孔子之道”,指的是治理国家与社会的各种具体措施和制度安排。陆贾《新语》为新成立的专制国家提供了一套进行社会统治及控制的方法和原则,只要有“尚道德”、“行仁义”、“无为”、“用贤才”四方面的内容。其“尚道德”、“行仁义”并不是抽象的原则,而是归结为几项具体的统治手段,一是“稀力役”、“省贡献”,或者说是“轻利”;二是不恃刑罚;三是不恃武力。这种思想可以从《论语》那里找到其渊源。陆贾所说的“无为”不同于道家的“无为”,并不是主逸臣劳的主术,而是包括两方面的内容,第一方面,就政治措施而言,是指为政的简易,举措不众,刑罚不滥;第二方面,就统治者的个人修养而言,是指在一定的法度内行事。其第一方面的内容是直承《论语》“无为而治”的思想的,其第二方面的内容也可以在《论语》中找到相似的思想。陆贾非常重视任用贤才对巩固政治统治的作用。虽然陆贾针对当时的时势指出了贤才得到任用的困难之处,但他认为贤才仍然应该用“忠”的标准要求自己,积极用世,这明显是受《论语》的影响。《新语》同《论语·术而》一样提出了“藏”的策略,但这并不是指遁世不仕,而是指待时而动。 陆贾《新语》中涉及了天人关系问题,这种关系集中体现在人间政治与天的关系方面,陆贾认为灾变的发生、祯祥的出现、天文的变化的原因虽在于人的一
[Abstract]:Lu Jia was an important political figure in the early Han Dynasty, and Lu Jia, as a scholar, played an important role in the history of Confucianism. From the comparative study of Xinyu and Analects of Confucius, it can be seen that Lu Jia is familiar with Analects and can flexibly use its materials. In Xinyu, Lu Jia also describes the five Classics and six skills and obeys the Confucian way, and the academic source of Lu Jia can be pushed to Confucius. From the comparative study of Xin Yu and Gu Liang Zhuan of Spring and Autumn, it can be seen that Lu Jia received "Gu Liang Zhuan" from Fuqiubo, and Fuqiubo was a disciple of Xunzi, a great Confucianism in the late warring States period, and Lu Jia was also influenced by Xun Zi's thought. It also shows that Lu Jia is a private Shu Xunzi. Lu Jia's Xin Yu is a book written for Liu Bang, which highlights the political thought with Confucian characteristics. Lu Jia put forward the concept of "Taoism", which refers to the "monarch's way" which should be allowed by the ruler, and its close meaning is "the skill of the five emperors" and "the Tao of Confucius". Refers to the governance of the state and society of various specific measures and institutional arrangements. Lu Jia provides a set of methods and principles of social domination and control for the newly established autocratic state, as long as there are four aspects of "morality", "doing benevolence and righteousness", "doing nothing" and "using virtuous talent". It is not an abstract principle, but a few concrete means of ruling: first, "rare force service", "provincial contribution", or "light profit"; second, not relying on punishment; and third, not relying on force. The source of this thought can be found from the Analects of Confucius. Lu Jia's "inaction" is different from the Taoist "inaction", which is not the chief skill of the principal minister, but includes two aspects. On the one hand, as far as the political measures are concerned, they refer to the simplicity of politics, the lack of many measures and the lack of excessive punishment. The second aspect, as far as personal cultivation of rulers is concerned, is to act within certain laws. The content of the first aspect of the Analects of Confucius is straight from the thought of "doing nothing and ruling", and the second aspect can also find similar ideas in the Analects of Confucius. Lu Jia attached great importance to the appointment of talent to consolidate political rule. Although Lu Jia pointed out the difficulty of getting the appointment of talent in view of the situation at that time, he believed that Xian and Cai should still use the criterion of "loyalty" to demand their own positive use of the world. This is obviously influenced by the Analects of Confucius. < Xinyu >, like Analects of Analects, puts forward the strategy of "hiding", but it does not mean that the recluse is not official, but refers to the action in time. Lu Jia's Xinyu deals with the relationship between Heaven and Man, which is mainly reflected in the relationship between human politics and heaven. Lu Jia believes that the occurrence of catastrophe, the appearance of Zhenxiang and the change of astronomy may be due to the change of human beings.
【学位授予单位】:山东大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2005
【分类号】:K234.1;B234.1

【引证文献】

相关硕士学位论文 前1条

1 王长友;汉初政论文研究[D];延边大学;2007年



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