马文升研究
发布时间：2018-11-09 21:06
【摘要】：明朝中期，社会政局动荡不安，阶级矛盾、统治集团内部矛盾以及民族矛盾交相激化。成化、弘治两朝，马文升凭借着卓越的军事才能和政治才能，以“治国平天下”为己任，积极投身于社会变革的潮流。其中成化年间，马文升协助项忠较好地处理了满四叛乱，这既消除了当时西北地区潜在的边疆危机，又使得固原这一抵御蒙古南侵的军事重镇变得更加重要，而马文升作为边防大臣开始在西北大显身手。巡抚陕西七年期间，马文升在剪除盗贼、安抚流民、筑城修墩、修茶马政和积极抗击蒙古入侵等一系列活动中取得较大成就，缓和了西北地区的阶级矛盾，在一定程度上改变了当时边防废弛的局面，大大增强了西北边疆的防御能力，并有效地遏制了西北蒙古民族的侵犯。马文升前后三次到辽东，整饬蓟门至辽东边备，缓解了蒙古势力东移对明朝北部边防的军事威胁；平定海西散赤哈叛乱，安抚女真各部，在一定时期内成功地维持了明朝、蒙古和女真各部之间的势力平衡，使得北方边境保持了很长一段时间的安定。马文升在弘治朝任职期间，由于得到孝宗的信任，始终被委以重任，达到了其仕宦生涯的顶峰。出任兵部尚书期间，他进一步完善以守为长策的战略方针，尽心戎务，在屯田、马政、边备、守御等方面贡献很大，多少改变了边备空虚的状态，使得弘治朝成为明朝中期和后期北部边防最好的时期。马文升才兼文武，不仅在巩固边防上屡建功勋，还在辅佐朝政上有所建树。他竭心尽力，忠于职守，勤奋治事，提出了许多治理国家的理论思想和对策，很多付诸实施并取得成效，如他曾建议孝宗斥逐奸邪、裁革传奉官、宽宥言官，提醒孝宗注意减轻百姓赋役、安抚流民、节省费用；尤其在改任吏部尚书之后，他注意培养人材，严格考核官吏，整顿官场秩序等等。整个弘治年间，社会相对比较安定，吏治相对比较清明，边防相对比较平静，出现了历史上的“弘治中兴”，可以说马文升是有很大功劳的。马文升给明中期日趋腐败的政治躯体注入了一些生机和活力，从而维持了明中期政局的稳定，减缓了明王朝的灭亡。
[Abstract]:In the middle of Ming Dynasty, the social political situation was turbulent, the class contradiction, the ruling group internal contradiction and the national contradiction were intensified. Cheng Hua, Hongzhi two dynasties, Ma Wensheng by virtue of outstanding military and political talent, to "rule the country and calm the world" as their own responsibility, actively engaged in the trend of social change. During the Chenghua period, Ma Wensheng assisted Xiang Zhong in handling the Manchurian rebellion better, which not only eliminated the potential border crisis in the Northwest region at that time, but also made Guyuan, a military stronghold to resist the southward invasion of Mongolia, even more important. And Ma Wensheng as the border minister began to play a role in the northwest. During the seven-year period of governor Shaanxi, Ma Wensheng made great achievements in a series of activities, such as cutting out thieves, appeasing displaced people, building cities and piers, repairing tea and horse politics, and actively fighting against the Mongolian invasion, thus easing the class contradictions in the Northwest region. To some extent, it changed the situation of border defense, greatly strengthened the defense ability of the northwest frontier area, and effectively restrained the invasion of the northwest Mongolian nation. Ma Wensheng went to Liaodong three times before and after, rectifying the thistle gate to the edge of Liaodong, which alleviated the military threat of Mongolian forces moving eastward to the northern border of Ming Dynasty. In order to calm down the Hesi Sanchiha rebellion and appease the Nu Zhen ministries, the balance of power between the Ming Dynasty, Mongolia and Nuzhen ministries was successfully maintained within a certain period of time, making the northern border maintain a long period of stability. During his tenure in Hongzhi, Ma Wensheng was always entrusted with a heavy task because of his filial piety, and reached the pinnacle of his official career. During his tenure as Shang Shu of the Ministry of the Armed Forces, he further improved his strategic policy of keeping guard as a long-term policy, devoted his heart to military affairs, and made great contributions in the areas of Tuen Tin, horse politics, guard and guard, and so on, and somewhat changed the state of emptiness at the same time. The Hongzhi Dynasty became the best period of the northern border defense in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Ma Wensheng, both talented and civil, not only in the consolidation of border defense, but also in supporting the government. He tried his best, devoted himself to his duty, and managed affairs diligently, and put forward many theoretical ideas and countermeasures for governing the country, many of which were put into practice and achieved results. Remind Xiaozong to pay attention to lighten the people's taxes, appease the displaced, and save money; Especially after he changed his post, he paid attention to the cultivation of talents, strict examination of officials, rectification of official order, and so on. During the whole period of Hongzhi, the society was relatively stable, the officials were relatively clear and the border defense was relatively calm. Ma Wensheng injected some vigor and vitality into the increasingly corrupt political body of the middle Ming Dynasty, thus maintaining the political stability in the middle Ming Dynasty and slowing down the death of the Ming Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K248
本文编号：2321558
[Abstract]:In the middle of Ming Dynasty, the social political situation was turbulent, the class contradiction, the ruling group internal contradiction and the national contradiction were intensified. Cheng Hua, Hongzhi two dynasties, Ma Wensheng by virtue of outstanding military and political talent, to "rule the country and calm the world" as their own responsibility, actively engaged in the trend of social change. During the Chenghua period, Ma Wensheng assisted Xiang Zhong in handling the Manchurian rebellion better, which not only eliminated the potential border crisis in the Northwest region at that time, but also made Guyuan, a military stronghold to resist the southward invasion of Mongolia, even more important. And Ma Wensheng as the border minister began to play a role in the northwest. During the seven-year period of governor Shaanxi, Ma Wensheng made great achievements in a series of activities, such as cutting out thieves, appeasing displaced people, building cities and piers, repairing tea and horse politics, and actively fighting against the Mongolian invasion, thus easing the class contradictions in the Northwest region. To some extent, it changed the situation of border defense, greatly strengthened the defense ability of the northwest frontier area, and effectively restrained the invasion of the northwest Mongolian nation. Ma Wensheng went to Liaodong three times before and after, rectifying the thistle gate to the edge of Liaodong, which alleviated the military threat of Mongolian forces moving eastward to the northern border of Ming Dynasty. In order to calm down the Hesi Sanchiha rebellion and appease the Nu Zhen ministries, the balance of power between the Ming Dynasty, Mongolia and Nuzhen ministries was successfully maintained within a certain period of time, making the northern border maintain a long period of stability. During his tenure in Hongzhi, Ma Wensheng was always entrusted with a heavy task because of his filial piety, and reached the pinnacle of his official career. During his tenure as Shang Shu of the Ministry of the Armed Forces, he further improved his strategic policy of keeping guard as a long-term policy, devoted his heart to military affairs, and made great contributions in the areas of Tuen Tin, horse politics, guard and guard, and so on, and somewhat changed the state of emptiness at the same time. The Hongzhi Dynasty became the best period of the northern border defense in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Ma Wensheng, both talented and civil, not only in the consolidation of border defense, but also in supporting the government. He tried his best, devoted himself to his duty, and managed affairs diligently, and put forward many theoretical ideas and countermeasures for governing the country, many of which were put into practice and achieved results. Remind Xiaozong to pay attention to lighten the people's taxes, appease the displaced, and save money; Especially after he changed his post, he paid attention to the cultivation of talents, strict examination of officials, rectification of official order, and so on. During the whole period of Hongzhi, the society was relatively stable, the officials were relatively clear and the border defense was relatively calm. Ma Wensheng injected some vigor and vitality into the increasingly corrupt political body of the middle Ming Dynasty, thus maintaining the political stability in the middle Ming Dynasty and slowing down the death of the Ming Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K248
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 崔存岭;马文升的西北边防文献整理和研究[D];江西师范大学;2007年
，本文编号：2321558
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