从社会性别视角审视受战争荼毒的宋代女性

发布时间：2018-11-14 09:53

【摘要】：在两宋的战争中,女性大量死亡,但她们并非死于主战场,而往往死于围城或逃难途中,或于亡国之际被迫殉国。战败之际,她们不但受到外族士兵的侵凌,而且受到本朝溃兵和乱民的迫害。宋代史家所褒扬的烈女,主要出现在靖康之难时,首先是不惜杀身以保贞节者,其次是曾有救父兄、丈夫、公婆等义举的女子,这类记载中可见男子生命高于女性的观念;当"忠""孝""义"与"节"相矛盾时,对女人来说,"节"仍是高于一切的,于是,值得牺牲的便只有妇女的生命了。靖康之难前,理学家有关妇女贞节观的说教已开始升温,将忠臣与贞女并列,但对当时社会影响还不是很大。靖康之难后,由于大批妇女特别是上层妇女被异族强暴,于是妇女的守贞问题受到广泛的关注,理学家的思想也得到社会的认可。
[Abstract]:During the wars of the Song Dynasty, women died in large numbers, but not in the main battlefields, but in besieged cities or on the way to flight, or forced to die for their country at the time of their national subjugation. At the time of defeat, they were not only attacked by foreign soldiers, but also persecuted by the army and people. The martyrs who were praised by historians in the Song Dynasty mainly appeared in the difficult times of Jing Kang, first of all, they did not hesitate to kill their bodies to protect their virginity, and then they were women who had saved their father and brother, husband, and mother-in-law, etc. In this kind of records, the idea that men's lives were higher than that of women could be seen. When "loyalty" filial piety "righteousness" and "festival" contradicts, for women, "festival" is still above all else, so the only thing worth sacrificing is women's lives. Before Jing Kang's difficulties, the preaching about women's virginity by Neo-Confucianism had begun to heat up, juxtaposing loyal ministers with virginity, but the influence on the society at that time was not very great. After Jing Kang's difficulties, because a large number of women, especially the upper class women, were raped by other ethnic groups, the problem of keeping the virginity of women was widely concerned, and the thought of Neo-Confucianism was also recognized by the society.
【作者单位】：上海师范大学人文学院;陕西师范大学出版社;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“全宋笔记编纂与整理”(10&ZD104) 上海市教委重点学科“中国古代史”(J50405)
【分类号】：K244;C913.68

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