略论北魏的宗王政策
发布时间：2018-12-12 12:24
【摘要】：北魏对宗王的政策经历了三个阶段。 第一阶段，北魏前期，国家尚未过渡到较为先进的封建社会，部落制的遗存还很多，皇权并不十分强大。拓跋宗室贵族在国家中的力量很大，是北魏建国的基础，也是皇帝维持统治所必须依赖的力量。北魏前期战事频繁，军事成为国家的头等大事，由于拓跋宗室力量的强大及北魏前期对异族人的不信任，本族人成为北魏军队的核心。在北魏前期的军事上，皇帝奉行了重用宗王的政策，但随着北魏不断的封建化和加强中央集权，皇权也不断的走向强大。这时，曾在军事上发挥过重要作用的宗王又构成北魏加强中央集权的威胁。因此，北魏前期的皇帝在军事上重用宗王的同时，又采取了一系列削弱宗王力量的措施。呈现出打击和重用并存的两面性。 第二阶段，孝文帝统治时期，对宗王的政策发生了变化。孝文帝改革北魏的封爵制，提高宗王的经济地位，加强宗王和汉族高门士人的联系，让宗室诸王进入中央辅政，建立起以宗室贵族辅助皇帝的政治格局。宗王对孝文帝的汉化改革事业起了重要作用。 第三阶段，北魏后期宣武帝即位后，对宗王的政策和孝文帝时期相比又发生了根本性的变化。宗室贵族不被信任，皇帝和宗室诸王的矛盾十分尖锐。先是剥夺宗王的辅政之权，引用外戚辅政，很快又对失去辅政之权的宗室诸王进行血腥的打击。打击的结果，，虽然维持了政治的暂时稳定，但也失去宗室诸王的拱卫。孝明帝即位后，虽然不再采取打击宗室的措施，但也没有采取有效的措施提高宗室的地位，北魏宗室力量逐渐衰落。到六镇起义后，皇帝在政治、军事上失去了宗王的辅佐与拱卫，导致尔朱氏控制北魏的政权。北魏后来的灭亡，与北魏的宗室衰落有关。 总之，北魏对宗王的政策经历了三个阶段。这三个阶级有着不同的历史背景，对北魏的发展产生了不同的影响。
[Abstract]:The policy of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the emperor experienced three stages. In the first stage, in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the state had not yet transitioned to a more advanced feudal society, and there were still many relics of the tribal system, and the imperial power was not very strong. The aristocracy of Tuoba was the foundation of the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the power on which the emperor maintained his rule. In the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, wars were frequent, and military affairs became the top priority of the country. Due to the strength of the Tuoba clan and the distrust of the foreigners in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the native people became the core of the army of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the emperor pursued the policy of reusing the patriarchal kings, but with the feudalization of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the strengthening of the centralization of power, the imperial power continued to become stronger. At this time, once played an important role in the military, the emperor posed a threat to the centralization of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Therefore, the emperors in the early Northern Wei Dynasty used a series of measures to weaken the power of the kings while reusing them militarily. There are two sides to strike and reuse. In the second stage, during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen, the policy on the king changed. Emperor Xiaowen reformed the system of consecration in the Northern Wei Dynasty, improved the economic status of the monarchs, strengthened the connection between the monarchs and the scholars of the Han nationality, allowed the kings to enter into the central auxiliary government, and established the political pattern of the emperors assisted by the patriarchal aristocrats. The emperor played an important role in the reform of Emperor Xiaowen. In the third stage, when Emperor Xuanwu took power in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, the policy of Emperor Zongwang changed fundamentally compared with the period of Emperor Xiaowen. Patriarchal aristocrats were not trusted, and the contradiction between the emperor and the kings was acute. First, the king was deprived of the power to assist the government, citing foreign relatives and auxiliary government, and then carried out a bloody attack on the kings who had lost the power of auxiliary government. The result of the attack, although maintaining a temporary political stability, but also lost the emperor's arch guard. After the reign of Emperor Xiaomingdi, although no measures were taken to crack down on the clan, no effective measures were taken to improve the position of the clan, and the power of the imperial clan of the Northern Wei Dynasty gradually declined. After the uprising of the six towns, the emperor lost the king's support and guard in politics and military affairs, which led him to control the regime of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The death of the Northern Wei Dynasty was related to the decline of the imperial clan. In a word, the policy of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the emperor experienced three stages. These three classes had different historical backgrounds and had different influences on the development of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K239.21
本文编号：2374545
[Abstract]:The policy of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the emperor experienced three stages. In the first stage, in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the state had not yet transitioned to a more advanced feudal society, and there were still many relics of the tribal system, and the imperial power was not very strong. The aristocracy of Tuoba was the foundation of the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the power on which the emperor maintained his rule. In the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, wars were frequent, and military affairs became the top priority of the country. Due to the strength of the Tuoba clan and the distrust of the foreigners in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the native people became the core of the army of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the emperor pursued the policy of reusing the patriarchal kings, but with the feudalization of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the strengthening of the centralization of power, the imperial power continued to become stronger. At this time, once played an important role in the military, the emperor posed a threat to the centralization of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Therefore, the emperors in the early Northern Wei Dynasty used a series of measures to weaken the power of the kings while reusing them militarily. There are two sides to strike and reuse. In the second stage, during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen, the policy on the king changed. Emperor Xiaowen reformed the system of consecration in the Northern Wei Dynasty, improved the economic status of the monarchs, strengthened the connection between the monarchs and the scholars of the Han nationality, allowed the kings to enter into the central auxiliary government, and established the political pattern of the emperors assisted by the patriarchal aristocrats. The emperor played an important role in the reform of Emperor Xiaowen. In the third stage, when Emperor Xuanwu took power in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, the policy of Emperor Zongwang changed fundamentally compared with the period of Emperor Xiaowen. Patriarchal aristocrats were not trusted, and the contradiction between the emperor and the kings was acute. First, the king was deprived of the power to assist the government, citing foreign relatives and auxiliary government, and then carried out a bloody attack on the kings who had lost the power of auxiliary government. The result of the attack, although maintaining a temporary political stability, but also lost the emperor's arch guard. After the reign of Emperor Xiaomingdi, although no measures were taken to crack down on the clan, no effective measures were taken to improve the position of the clan, and the power of the imperial clan of the Northern Wei Dynasty gradually declined. After the uprising of the six towns, the emperor lost the king's support and guard in politics and military affairs, which led him to control the regime of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The death of the Northern Wei Dynasty was related to the decline of the imperial clan. In a word, the policy of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the emperor experienced three stages. These three classes had different historical backgrounds and had different influences on the development of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K239.21
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 李红丽;南北朝各类户籍与人口管理研究[D];郑州大学;2013年
本文编号：2374545
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