雍乾时期天主教徒的宗教情结

发布时间：2018-12-21 10:20

【摘要】：教民信教有着多种原因及民间社会的因素。信仰缘由,一为深入了解教义,力图认识世界和人生奥秘,二系一般性地获知天主教对个人今生来世的影响,三是入教治病去灾,四是穷人为得到些许经济实惠,五为信仰成本低,六是神职人员传教士人品具有吸引力,这六个方面的一个或两个因素,就会使人产生对天主的崇拜,步入教门,然以第二种原因为多。中国民间社会恰有为天主教传播利用的条件,如家族意识和父家长制,人们的从众心态,佛道早已传播的地狱观念,都是促成教民信仰天主教的社会因素。信徒由于对教义的了解和人生的寄托,宗教生活的习惯,对教会的依附心理,形成深厚的宗教情结,相当执著,以致宁死不改变信仰,对官方禁教采取面革心非态度,甚而接引西洋传教士。由此可知,政治强力的禁教,不会达到预期的效果,只有改变、消除教徒从教的那些社会因素,才可能消解教民的宗教情怀,而这是清朝政府万难做到的,是以天主教传教活动和民间信教不会消失。
[Abstract]:Religious belief has many reasons and civil society factors. In order to understand the doctrine deeply and try to understand the world and the mystery of life, the second group is generally informed of the influence of Catholicism on the future life of the individual, the third is to become a member of religion to cure diseases and disasters, and the fourth is to obtain some economic benefits for the poor. The fifth is the low cost of belief, and the sixth is that the moral character of the clergyman is attractive. One or two factors in these six aspects will lead to the worship of God and the entrance to religion, but the second reason is more. Chinese civil society has the conditions for the dissemination of Catholicism, such as family consciousness and patriarchal system, people's mentality of conformity, and the concept of Hell, which has long been spread by Buddhism and Taoism, are all the social factors contributing to the religious people's belief in Catholicism. As a result of their understanding of the doctrine, their trust in life, their habits in religious life, and their attachment to the church, they have formed a profound religious complex, so that they would rather die than change their faith and adopt an attitude toward the official prohibition of religion. And even the introduction of Western missionaries. From this, we can see that the strong political prohibition of religion will not achieve the desired results. Only by changing and eliminating those social factors that the believers follow, can the religious feelings of the religious people be dispelled, which the Qing Dynasty government could never achieve. It is because of Catholic missionary activities and folk religion that they will not disappear.
【作者单位】：南开大学中国社会史研究中心;
【分类号】：B978;K249

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