清朝天花的防治和影响
发布时间：2019-01-07 15:27
【摘要】：纵观我国的历史研究,自古及今,大多数都是侧是重政治史、经济史和文化史,社会史的内容则相当少,灾荒史的资料又更少。天花是有清一代灾荒产生的重要因素之一,研究天花不但可以扩展灾荒史的研究范围,而且还可以为社会学和现代医学的研究提供借鉴。 天花起源于亚非旧大陆,后来由于战争、移民和殖民开发逐渐扩散到全世界。中国在东汉初年始有天花之传染,晋代葛洪的《肘后方》中有天花的最早记载。开始时由于人们对它知之甚少,再加上当时的医疗条件落后,所以造成大量人口的死亡,而那些幸免遇难的被传染者则在脸上留下了永久的纪念——麻子。有鉴于此,从天花开始传染初期人们就开始寻找预防和治疗的方法。北宋时期种痘术的发明是天花预防史上一个划时代的进步,从此之后,医学工作者们不断摸索创造出豆浆种法、水苗种法、痘衣种法和旱苗种法等种痘法。而18世纪晚期时湖州派的种痘术达到人痘术的顶峰。 此后,中国的种痘术被土耳其人传到英国。在医生琴纳的研究下把人痘术改进成牛痘术,实现了种痘术的第二次飞跃。牛痘术的发明使种痘的危险性更小,花费也降到最低,故而很快在全世界推广开来。到19世纪时,英国医师皮尔逊到澳门推广牛痘术。从此中国人开始改种牛痘。20世纪70年代末,全世界终于消灭了天花。今天我们对它进行再研究,可以对其它传染病(特别是SARA)的预防和治疗提供一些方法上的指导。
[Abstract]:Throughout the historical studies of our country, most of the historical studies since ancient times and today have focused on political history, economic history and cultural history, the content of social history is quite few, and the materials of famine history are even less. Smallpox is one of the most important factors in the generation of famine in Qing Dynasty. The study of smallpox can not only expand the research scope of the history of famine, but also provide reference for the research of sociology and modern medicine. Smallpox originated in the Old World in Asia and Africa, and later, as a result of the war, immigration and colonial exploitation spread to the world. Smallpox was infected in China at the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the earliest record of smallpox was found in GE Hong's "behind the elbow" in Jin Dynasty. At first, little was known about it, combined with poor medical conditions, resulting in the death of a large number of people, while those who survived the infection left a permanent memory on their faces-pockmarked. In view of this, people have been looking for prevention and treatment since the beginning of smallpox infection. The invention of vaccination in the Northern Song Dynasty was an epoch-making progress in the history of smallpox prevention. Since then, medical workers have been groping for the creation of bean milk seed method, water seeding method, pockpox coating method and drought seedling method and so on. In the late 18 th century, Huzhou vaccination reached its peak. Since then, Chinese vaccination has been introduced to Britain by the Turks. Under the research of Dr. Jenner, the human pox technique was improved to vaccinia, and the second leap of vaccinia was achieved. The invention of vaccinia made vaccinia less dangerous and less costly, so it quickly spread around the world. By the 19 th century, British physician Pearson went to Macao to promote cowpox. Since then, the Chinese have changed to cowpox. In the late 1970s, the world finally eliminated smallpox. Today we re-examine it to provide some methodological guidance for the prevention and treatment of other infectious diseases, especially SARA.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K249
本文编号：2403818
[Abstract]:Throughout the historical studies of our country, most of the historical studies since ancient times and today have focused on political history, economic history and cultural history, the content of social history is quite few, and the materials of famine history are even less. Smallpox is one of the most important factors in the generation of famine in Qing Dynasty. The study of smallpox can not only expand the research scope of the history of famine, but also provide reference for the research of sociology and modern medicine. Smallpox originated in the Old World in Asia and Africa, and later, as a result of the war, immigration and colonial exploitation spread to the world. Smallpox was infected in China at the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the earliest record of smallpox was found in GE Hong's "behind the elbow" in Jin Dynasty. At first, little was known about it, combined with poor medical conditions, resulting in the death of a large number of people, while those who survived the infection left a permanent memory on their faces-pockmarked. In view of this, people have been looking for prevention and treatment since the beginning of smallpox infection. The invention of vaccination in the Northern Song Dynasty was an epoch-making progress in the history of smallpox prevention. Since then, medical workers have been groping for the creation of bean milk seed method, water seeding method, pockpox coating method and drought seedling method and so on. In the late 18 th century, Huzhou vaccination reached its peak. Since then, Chinese vaccination has been introduced to Britain by the Turks. Under the research of Dr. Jenner, the human pox technique was improved to vaccinia, and the second leap of vaccinia was achieved. The invention of vaccinia made vaccinia less dangerous and less costly, so it quickly spread around the world. By the 19 th century, British physician Pearson went to Macao to promote cowpox. Since then, the Chinese have changed to cowpox. In the late 1970s, the world finally eliminated smallpox. Today we re-examine it to provide some methodological guidance for the prevention and treatment of other infectious diseases, especially SARA.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K249
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 郑红飞;清代军队医疗保障制度研究[D];兰州大学;2009年
2 苏卫平;明清以来徽州区域的疾病与医疗卫生体系研究[D];上海师范大学;2009年
，本文编号：2403818
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/zggdslw/2403818.html
