汉六朝时期三峡地区的聚落及相关问题研究
发布时间：2019-03-24 15:43
【摘要】：聚落的研究是复原和认识人类生存状态的一个重要视角。过去,由于汉六朝时期三峡地区的文献资料缺乏,学界对该地区历史关注不够,对人们的生存方式与状态的认识较为单薄,对其变化的探索也不够深入。近二十年来,随着三峡地区的大量的考古资料的刊布,为我们重新认识这一问题提供了材料和契机。本文就是运用考古资料和历史文献现结合的方法对汉六朝三峡地区聚落及相关问题研究的新成果。 聚落研究的前提是对聚落资料的时空框架的建构。本文在附录中运用较大篇幅对三峡地区已经报道了资料的七百多个遗址进行了较为系统全面的分期研究,初步建立了这一时期考古学文化的时空框架及其基本面貌。分析的结果是把三峡地区汉六朝的遗存分为十段三期,分别代表西汉、东汉和六朝三个时期。这三个时期各自具有特征鲜明的文化特征,十段的细化初步勾勒了变化的细节与过程。 本文第二章对以上三个时期的聚落的特点与变化进行研究。研究的方法是从典型聚落个案材料入手,分析和复原个案的构成和基本特征,然后进行分类,归纳各类聚落的特征,最后观察各类聚落的空间布局、关系及其变化。分析的结果表明,郡类、县类和村类聚落是三个基本的类别,它们在基本设施的构成、布局以及规模上有显著不同。最显著的差异是城的数量的差异,郡城往往有大小城,县城有单城,多数村落无城。我们看到汉六朝蛮人居住的山区往往也会局部修城,有些村落本来就被安排在外形颇似“城”的高山盆地或平地,这一认识补正了一些学者的看法。郡城往往登高据险,以朐忍城为代表的县城则把重要的衙署类建筑安排在临江的台地中央一带,而不安排在靠山的高坡地带,择地时也并未将其选在澎溪和与长江的交汇处,这颇有特色。墓地普遍被安排在城外或村侧。 由于地质、水文以及人文环境的特殊性,各类聚落中心经常处于移动中。郡县城表现为郡县治的迁移,如巴东郡、宜都郡之类。显著的证据是各个遗址的各个时段的遗存普遍缺乏连续性堆积,年代断裂现象很普遍。在村落的一些大墓中,六朝人往往被埋入东汉墓中,其年代的连续性也很差。形成这种状况的原因仅仅用由于地质条件恶劣而导致保存状况差来解释是不充分的,其背后还应有人文的原因。 从聚落的空间分布看,郡县城附近往往分布很多居址和墓葬,形成不少人口聚居区,但这并不妨碍在其他土地和资源状况较好的、非郡县治所的地方形成聚居区,万州武陵镇一带从西汉、东汉到六朝聚落—直很密集,另一方面,几处峡谷地带则一直人烟稀少,或仅有规模很小的散村。 通过对城、房屋、窑炉、灰坑、墓葬等要素及其空间、区域布局上的分析与观察,以上三类村落在三个时期中变化很大。各要素中,墓葬变化最大,由西汉流行的以土坑、岩坑墓为主变化为东汉六朝以砖室、石室、崖墓为主。这一变化带来了聚落布局、手工业生产的变化。城的变化也很明显,六朝时期,关津镇戍类的城有明显增加。其背后的政治军事背景是各类政权的割据、征伐和蛮汉的冲突。我们还看到,六朝时期尤其是南北朝州郡县建制的增加,并未带类聚落数量的增加。在人们的生活方式中,六朝时期瓷器的广泛使用是区别于两汉的重大变化,它表明三峡地区六朝较两汉对于长江上游和中下游的经济文化影响程度明显加强。更明显的变化的聚落数量的变化,东汉较西汉数量增加迅速,而六朝则迅速回落,这一变化趋势与三峡地区著籍人口的变化同步。 如何理解汉六朝三峡聚落的上述特点与变化?本文第三、四章从人口增减、经济各门类的发展变化进行了力所能及的探索。我们认为人口的变化是造成聚落变化的主要原因,经济的发展则是内在动力,政治军事以及民族等因素极大地影响了变化的范围和程度。本文还用较大篇幅对三峡的内外交通状况做了研究,认为交通格局的特点与变化是聚落发展变化的反映,也是经济文化交流的反映。三峡考古的新发现在其中发挥了重要作用。
[Abstract]:The study of the settlement is an important point of view to restore and recognize the state of human existence. In the past, because of the lack of literature in the Three Gorges area in the period of the Han and the Six Dynasties, the academic circle has not paid enough attention to the region's historical attention, and the understanding of the way and state of the people's existence is relatively thin, and the exploration of its change is not deep enough. Over the past two decades, with the publication of a great deal of archaeological data in the Three Gorges area, we have provided materials and opportunities for us to re-recognize the problem. This paper is the new achievement of the research on the settlement and related problems in the Three Gorges area by the method of the combination of the archaeological data and the historical documents. The premise of the settlement study is the construction of the space-time frame of the settlement data In this paper, a systematic and comprehensive study of the seven hundred sites in the Three Gorges area has been carried out in the appendix, and the space-time framework and the fundamentals of the archaeological culture in this period have been preliminarily established. The result of the analysis is to divide the legacy of the Six Dynasties in the Three Gorges area into three phases, representing the three aspects of the Western Han, the Eastern Han and the Six Dynasties, respectively. The three periods each have a distinctive cultural characteristic, and the refinement of the ten segments has outlined the details of the change and the past The second chapter of this article is about the characteristics and changes of the settlement of the above three periods. The method of the study is to start, analyze and restore the composition and basic characteristics of the case from the typical settlement case material, then to classify and summarize the characteristics of all kinds of settlement, and finally to observe the spatial layout, relation and relationship of all kinds of settlement. The results of the analysis show that the settlements of the class, the county and the village are three basic categories, which are significant in the construction, layout and scale of the basic facilities. The most significant difference is the difference in the number of the cities. The city is often a large city. The county has a single city, most of the villages We see that the mountain areas where the barbarians live in the Han and the Six Dynasties are often in the city, and some of the villages would have been arranged in a high-"a city"-like high-mountain basin or the ground, which corrected some of the scholars The city is often in high risk, and the county seat, which is represented by the Ninja City, is arranged in the central area of the platform of the Linjiang, and it is not arranged in the high-slope of the mountain, and it is not selected at the intersection of the Penang and the Yangtze River. It's a feature. The cemetery is generally arranged outside the city. or the village side. Due to the particularity of the geological, the hydrology and the human environment, the various settlement centers often In the course of the movement, the county-level county is the migration of the county and the county, such as the Badong county, The obvious evidence is that there is a general lack of continuity accumulation during the various time periods of the various sites, and the age is broken. The phenomenon is common. In some of the large tombs of the village, the six-way people are often buried in the tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and its ties The continuation is also poor. The reason for this condition is that it is not sufficient to explain the difference in the condition of the preservation due to the poor geological conditions, and there should be a return on the back. In view of the spatial distribution of the settlements, many residential sites and tombs are often distributed in the vicinity of the county, forming a lot of population-inhabited areas, but this does not prevent the formation of a colony in other land and resources, and the local area where the county is to be treated. The area of Lingzhen is from the west to the west, from the east to the six towards the settlement, and on the other hand, some of the valley areas have been sparsely populated or only A small village with small scale. Through the analysis and observation on the factors such as city, house, kiln, ash pit, and tomb, and the analysis and observation on the regional layout, the above three types of villages are During the three periods, the change of the tomb was the largest. The main change of the tomb and the tomb of the Western Han Dynasty was the brick of the Eastern Han and the Six Dynasties. The chamber, the stone chamber, the tomb are the main. This change brings the settlement layout The change of the production of the handicraft industry. The change of the city is also obvious, in the period of six dynasties, the town of Gujin There is a marked increase in the city's city. The political and military background behind it is the secant of various regimes. We have also seen an increase in the number of formed units in the six-way period, especially in the Southern and Southern Dynasties, and did not In the way of people's life, the wide use of China's porcelain in the period of six dynasties is different from the major change of the two Han people, which shows that the six dynasties of the Three Gorges area are the economic text of the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The degree of influence is obviously enhanced. The change of the number of the settlement of the more obvious change, the higher the number of the Eastern Han and the Western Han, and the rapid fall of the six dynasties, the trend of the change is similar to that of the Three Gorges area. The synchronization of the change of the author's population. How to understand the Han-six-to-three The above-mentioned characteristics and changes of the isthmus of the isthmus? The third and fourth chapter of this paper is to change the development of the various branches of the economy from the increase or decrease of the population and the We believe that the change of the population is the main cause of the change of the settlement, and the development of the economy is the internal power, the political and military and the national factors. In this paper, the internal and external traffic conditions of the Three Gorges are studied. The characteristics and changes of the traffic pattern are the reflection of the change of the settlement development. It is also a reflection of the economic and cultural exchange of the Three Gorges.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K234;K235
本文编号：2446460
[Abstract]:The study of the settlement is an important point of view to restore and recognize the state of human existence. In the past, because of the lack of literature in the Three Gorges area in the period of the Han and the Six Dynasties, the academic circle has not paid enough attention to the region's historical attention, and the understanding of the way and state of the people's existence is relatively thin, and the exploration of its change is not deep enough. Over the past two decades, with the publication of a great deal of archaeological data in the Three Gorges area, we have provided materials and opportunities for us to re-recognize the problem. This paper is the new achievement of the research on the settlement and related problems in the Three Gorges area by the method of the combination of the archaeological data and the historical documents. The premise of the settlement study is the construction of the space-time frame of the settlement data In this paper, a systematic and comprehensive study of the seven hundred sites in the Three Gorges area has been carried out in the appendix, and the space-time framework and the fundamentals of the archaeological culture in this period have been preliminarily established. The result of the analysis is to divide the legacy of the Six Dynasties in the Three Gorges area into three phases, representing the three aspects of the Western Han, the Eastern Han and the Six Dynasties, respectively. The three periods each have a distinctive cultural characteristic, and the refinement of the ten segments has outlined the details of the change and the past The second chapter of this article is about the characteristics and changes of the settlement of the above three periods. The method of the study is to start, analyze and restore the composition and basic characteristics of the case from the typical settlement case material, then to classify and summarize the characteristics of all kinds of settlement, and finally to observe the spatial layout, relation and relationship of all kinds of settlement. The results of the analysis show that the settlements of the class, the county and the village are three basic categories, which are significant in the construction, layout and scale of the basic facilities. The most significant difference is the difference in the number of the cities. The city is often a large city. The county has a single city, most of the villages We see that the mountain areas where the barbarians live in the Han and the Six Dynasties are often in the city, and some of the villages would have been arranged in a high-"a city"-like high-mountain basin or the ground, which corrected some of the scholars The city is often in high risk, and the county seat, which is represented by the Ninja City, is arranged in the central area of the platform of the Linjiang, and it is not arranged in the high-slope of the mountain, and it is not selected at the intersection of the Penang and the Yangtze River. It's a feature. The cemetery is generally arranged outside the city. or the village side. Due to the particularity of the geological, the hydrology and the human environment, the various settlement centers often In the course of the movement, the county-level county is the migration of the county and the county, such as the Badong county, The obvious evidence is that there is a general lack of continuity accumulation during the various time periods of the various sites, and the age is broken. The phenomenon is common. In some of the large tombs of the village, the six-way people are often buried in the tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and its ties The continuation is also poor. The reason for this condition is that it is not sufficient to explain the difference in the condition of the preservation due to the poor geological conditions, and there should be a return on the back. In view of the spatial distribution of the settlements, many residential sites and tombs are often distributed in the vicinity of the county, forming a lot of population-inhabited areas, but this does not prevent the formation of a colony in other land and resources, and the local area where the county is to be treated. The area of Lingzhen is from the west to the west, from the east to the six towards the settlement, and on the other hand, some of the valley areas have been sparsely populated or only A small village with small scale. Through the analysis and observation on the factors such as city, house, kiln, ash pit, and tomb, and the analysis and observation on the regional layout, the above three types of villages are During the three periods, the change of the tomb was the largest. The main change of the tomb and the tomb of the Western Han Dynasty was the brick of the Eastern Han and the Six Dynasties. The chamber, the stone chamber, the tomb are the main. This change brings the settlement layout The change of the production of the handicraft industry. The change of the city is also obvious, in the period of six dynasties, the town of Gujin There is a marked increase in the city's city. The political and military background behind it is the secant of various regimes. We have also seen an increase in the number of formed units in the six-way period, especially in the Southern and Southern Dynasties, and did not In the way of people's life, the wide use of China's porcelain in the period of six dynasties is different from the major change of the two Han people, which shows that the six dynasties of the Three Gorges area are the economic text of the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The degree of influence is obviously enhanced. The change of the number of the settlement of the more obvious change, the higher the number of the Eastern Han and the Western Han, and the rapid fall of the six dynasties, the trend of the change is similar to that of the Three Gorges area. The synchronization of the change of the author's population. How to understand the Han-six-to-three The above-mentioned characteristics and changes of the isthmus of the isthmus? The third and fourth chapter of this paper is to change the development of the various branches of the economy from the increase or decrease of the population and the We believe that the change of the population is the main cause of the change of the settlement, and the development of the economy is the internal power, the political and military and the national factors. In this paper, the internal and external traffic conditions of the Three Gorges are studied. The characteristics and changes of the traffic pattern are the reflection of the change of the settlement development. It is also a reflection of the economic and cultural exchange of the Three Gorges.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K234;K235
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 连雯;魏晋南北朝时期南方生态环境下的居民生活[D];南开大学;2013年
，本文编号：2446460
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