两汉骑都尉续考——以东汉骑都尉为中心

发布时间：2019-05-23 13:42

【摘要】：汉代"骑都尉"之名直接承袭秦代,并非为避高祖讳而改名。西汉前期骑都尉被撤销。武帝时重置,分两类:一、中都官骑都尉,隶属于郎中令,最初的职掌可能是"掌(或监)从骑",宣帝时增加监羽林和使护西域两职能。骑都尉还可以领其他屯兵,并与加官有一定的相似性。二、地方骑都尉,类似于属国都尉,数量很少。武、宣二帝奠定了两汉骑都尉发展的基本脉络。东汉地方骑都尉消失,只剩中都官骑都尉。其特点有:一、职能单一化,军事职能显著增强,可以作为将领单独出征;二、兼任官职单一化。一般只兼任侍中,可参议朝政;三、骑都尉有朝着荣誉化、闲散化发展的趋势;四、这一职位具有较强的开放性。骑都尉在后世沿着荣誉化、闲散化的趋势发展,最终成为荣誉官号。
[Abstract]:The name of the Han Dynasty was directly inherited from the Qin Dynasty and was not renamed to avoid Gao Zu's taboo. The riding lieutenant was revoked in the early Western Han Dynasty. Wudi reset, divided into two categories: first, Zhongdu official riding lieutenant, subordinate to Lang Zhongling, the initial office may be "palm (or prison) from riding", Xuan emperor to increase the supervision of feather forest and envoy to protect the western region of the two functions. Riding lieutenant can also lead other soldiers, and add officials have a certain similarity. Second, the local riding lieutenant, similar to the national capital lieutenant, the number is small. Wu, Xuandi laid the basic context of the development of the Han Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the local riding lieutenant disappeared, leaving only Zhongdu official riding lieutenant. Its characteristics are as follows: first, the function is unitary, the military function is significantly enhanced, and it can be used as a general alone; second, it is also a single official post. Generally only serve as a waiter, can participate in government; third, riding lieutenant has a trend towards honor, idle development; fourth, this position has a strong openness. In later generations, he developed along the trend of honor and idleness, and finally became an honorary official number.
【作者单位】：南开大学历史学院;
【分类号】：K234

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