北宋士大夫地方教化研究
发布时间：2019-07-05 09:51
【摘要】： 唐宋时期是中国古代社会发生重要变化的时期：贵族政治转变为官僚政治制度、科举制度逐步完善、士大夫阶层崛起、租佃制盛行等。宋代科学技术的进步、对人文的关怀及知识的普及,使礼仪文化向社会各个阶层普及,各个阶层都开始接受以儒家经典为主要根据的礼教。唐宋时期的地方管理制度从乡官制转变成职役制,地方社会的运行中士大夫的作用越来越重要。他们社会使命感、责任感空前增强,以重整社会秩序为己任,主动通过多种途径有意识的对地方民众进行宣传教化。正是由于他们的教化活动,才将儒家倡导的理念和国家倡导的意识形态深入贯彻到民众之中。 从北宋政府对科举制的改革和士大夫的争论中可以看出对官员教化职能的重视。士大夫自身对教化行为对维持社会秩序的作用也很看重,认为教化更容易使地方社会风俗清明,百姓安居乐业。他们的地方教化活动主要包括以下几个方面： 首先是作为官方身份的兴学活动、旌表、劝谕与禁断活动、主持礼仪活动和以文学倡导教化的活动。士大夫秉承儒家传统观念,把学校看作是宣传人伦道德的重要场所,认为学校的兴废关系到风俗道德的好坏,极力兴办各种学校宣传儒家思想和政府倡导的社会主流思想。学校中将讲授内容与培养忠君、孝亲、恭敬、诚信等目标联系在一起。教学中也注重各种典礼仪式对学生的教育,使他们直接受儒家的伦理道德价值观念和行为模式。政府通过旌表、劝谕、禁断活动张扬符合儒家道德价值观念和伦常礼教标准的行为,取缔违背儒家伦理价值的行为。劝谕百姓遵从儒家的伦理规范,使当地社会形成互相礼让、尊老敬老的社会风气。禁断活动一方面消除了潜在的社会不安定因素,另一方面又通过政府主动行为体现了政府的权威性。某些地方信仰的合法化还是对民众信仰现状的一种妥协。地方官主持各种仪式也是在宣扬教化,使民众行为符合儒家和政府倡导的主流道德和价值观念,达到息狱讼、除盗贼、美风俗的目的,维护了社会的稳定,彰显了政府的权威。地方官还以文学行为写作各种文章来倡导其价值理念和教化思想。他们所倡导的行为的类似行为不断增多,教化起到了很大的效果。 其次是士大夫在家庭、家族内的教化,主要是针对子女、家人。士大夫为了加强家族内部的凝聚力,往往以书信、为文作诗等方式对子弟们讲明道理,把儒家思想和政府的统治理念在家族内部进行贯彻。他们鼓励子弟读书,在日常生活中以自己的行为对家人施加影响,家内教化的成效非常显着,在地方社会也产生示范性的影响。 再次是士大夫在地方社会中也会采用各种方式教化地方民众。倡导订立乡约、乡规、协助或自己兴办各种学校、日常生活中履行博施济众的观念等行为在民众中树立起自己的威望,为人们做表率,在当地社会中发挥了很好的教化作用。地方信仰体系中也体现出士大夫的教化理念和作用,而且地方信仰体系中一直都伴随着士大夫和民众的互动关系。 总体说来,由北宋士大夫的地方教化活动可以看出：政府在有意识的强调教化影响,士大夫在主动地、有意识地对民众进行教化。这说明地方社会管理中士大夫发挥着越来越重要的作用,但民众并非完全被动,他们始终与政府和士大夫有所互动。
[Abstract]:The period of the Tang and Song Dynasty was a period of important change in the ancient Chinese society: the political transformation of your country into the bureaucracy system, the gradual improvement of the imperial examination system, the rise of the scholar's class, the prevalence of the lease system and so on. In the Song Dynasty, the progress of science and technology, the care of the humanity and the popularization of the knowledge, the culture of the etiquette to the various classes of the society, all the classes began to accept the Confucian classics as the main basis. The local management system of the Tang and Song Dynasties changed from the government system to the service system, and the function of the local society was becoming more and more important. In order to reform the social order as its own duty, their society has made the sense of mission and sense of responsibility to be strengthened, and the local people are actively promoted through various means. It was due to their educational activities that the idea of the Confucian advocacy and the ideology advocated by the State were carried out in-depth into the population. From the government of the Northern Song Dynasty to the reform of imperial examination and the argument of the scholar, it can be seen that the function of the education of the officials The importance of the role of the scholar itself to the maintenance of social order is also very important, and it is thought that the enlightenment can make the local social customs clear and the people are safe. In the music industry, their local education activities mainly include the following The first is to act as an official as an official, to exhortation, to exhortation and to break the activity, to host the activities of the etiquette and to take literature In the light of the traditional concept of the Confucian, the scholar regarded the school as an important place to promote the ethics of the people, and it is thought that the school's rising waste is related to the good or bad of the customs and morality, and it is hard to set up various schools to publicize the Confucian ideas and the government's advocacy The mainstream thought of the society. The school will teach the content and the cultivation of the loyalty, the filial piety, the respect, the good faith, etc. In the teaching, the education of the students is also emphasized, so that they are directly influenced by the ethical values of the Confucian The government's actions to promote the standards of the Confucian moral values and the Lund's rules of ethics, and to ban the violation of the Confucian standards through the action of the Confucian school, the exhortation and the prohibition of the activity. The behavior of the value of the ethics. Conhorting the people to follow the ethical norms of the Confucianists, to make the local society form the mutual courtesy and respect the old On the one hand, it has eliminated the potential social instability factors, and on the other hand, it is reflected by the government's initiative The authority of the government. Legalization of certain local beliefs or belief in the population A compromise of the present situation. The officiating of the various ceremonies by the local officials is also in the promotion of the education, which is in line with the mainstream morality and values advocated by the Confucian and the government, to the end of the case, and to maintain the stability of the society, in addition to the purpose of the thieves and the beauty and the customs. The local officials also write various articles in literary behavior to promote their value The ideas and the ideas of the enlightenment. The similar behavior of the actions they have advocated is increasing, and the enlightenment It's a great effect. The second is the education of the scholar in the family and in the family In order to strengthen the cohesion of the family, the family and the scholar, in order to strengthen the cohesion of the family, often make a sense to the children in the form of a letter, a poem and so on, and take the Confucian thought and the government's rule The idea is carried out within the family. They encourage children to study, exert influence on their families in their daily life, and the effect of the education in the family is very remarkable. The society also has an exemplary effect. Again, the scholar is in the local society There will also be a variety of ways to civilize local people. To advocate for the establishment of a country, a country, to assist or to set up a variety of schools, to implement the concept of Boshi in daily life, to set up its own prestige in the population, and to make the rate for people to do so. The local society has played a very good civilizing role. In the local faith system, the education idea and role of the scholar-doctor are also reflected, and the local belief system has been All along with the interaction between the scholar and the people. In general, the local education activities of the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty can see that the government has a conscious emphasis on the influence of the education. In the active and conscious way, the scholar has made a conscious effort to civilize the public, which means that the local social administration has played an increasingly important role in the management of the local society, but the population is not ove
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K244
本文编号：2510442
[Abstract]:The period of the Tang and Song Dynasty was a period of important change in the ancient Chinese society: the political transformation of your country into the bureaucracy system, the gradual improvement of the imperial examination system, the rise of the scholar's class, the prevalence of the lease system and so on. In the Song Dynasty, the progress of science and technology, the care of the humanity and the popularization of the knowledge, the culture of the etiquette to the various classes of the society, all the classes began to accept the Confucian classics as the main basis. The local management system of the Tang and Song Dynasties changed from the government system to the service system, and the function of the local society was becoming more and more important. In order to reform the social order as its own duty, their society has made the sense of mission and sense of responsibility to be strengthened, and the local people are actively promoted through various means. It was due to their educational activities that the idea of the Confucian advocacy and the ideology advocated by the State were carried out in-depth into the population. From the government of the Northern Song Dynasty to the reform of imperial examination and the argument of the scholar, it can be seen that the function of the education of the officials The importance of the role of the scholar itself to the maintenance of social order is also very important, and it is thought that the enlightenment can make the local social customs clear and the people are safe. In the music industry, their local education activities mainly include the following The first is to act as an official as an official, to exhortation, to exhortation and to break the activity, to host the activities of the etiquette and to take literature In the light of the traditional concept of the Confucian, the scholar regarded the school as an important place to promote the ethics of the people, and it is thought that the school's rising waste is related to the good or bad of the customs and morality, and it is hard to set up various schools to publicize the Confucian ideas and the government's advocacy The mainstream thought of the society. The school will teach the content and the cultivation of the loyalty, the filial piety, the respect, the good faith, etc. In the teaching, the education of the students is also emphasized, so that they are directly influenced by the ethical values of the Confucian The government's actions to promote the standards of the Confucian moral values and the Lund's rules of ethics, and to ban the violation of the Confucian standards through the action of the Confucian school, the exhortation and the prohibition of the activity. The behavior of the value of the ethics. Conhorting the people to follow the ethical norms of the Confucianists, to make the local society form the mutual courtesy and respect the old On the one hand, it has eliminated the potential social instability factors, and on the other hand, it is reflected by the government's initiative The authority of the government. Legalization of certain local beliefs or belief in the population A compromise of the present situation. The officiating of the various ceremonies by the local officials is also in the promotion of the education, which is in line with the mainstream morality and values advocated by the Confucian and the government, to the end of the case, and to maintain the stability of the society, in addition to the purpose of the thieves and the beauty and the customs. The local officials also write various articles in literary behavior to promote their value The ideas and the ideas of the enlightenment. The similar behavior of the actions they have advocated is increasing, and the enlightenment It's a great effect. The second is the education of the scholar in the family and in the family In order to strengthen the cohesion of the family, the family and the scholar, in order to strengthen the cohesion of the family, often make a sense to the children in the form of a letter, a poem and so on, and take the Confucian thought and the government's rule The idea is carried out within the family. They encourage children to study, exert influence on their families in their daily life, and the effect of the education in the family is very remarkable. The society also has an exemplary effect. Again, the scholar is in the local society There will also be a variety of ways to civilize local people. To advocate for the establishment of a country, a country, to assist or to set up a variety of schools, to implement the concept of Boshi in daily life, to set up its own prestige in the population, and to make the rate for people to do so. The local society has played a very good civilizing role. In the local faith system, the education idea and role of the scholar-doctor are also reflected, and the local belief system has been All along with the interaction between the scholar and the people. In general, the local education activities of the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty can see that the government has a conscious emphasis on the influence of the education. In the active and conscious way, the scholar has made a conscious effort to civilize the public, which means that the local social administration has played an increasingly important role in the management of the local society, but the population is not ove
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K244
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 房慧君;博山颜神信仰研究[D];山东大学;2012年
，本文编号：2510442
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