金代社会等级结构研究

发布时间：2019-07-05 13:58

【摘要】：这篇论文是以金代社会等级结构为研究对象,全面介绍了金代社会各等级以及等级内部各阶层的身份地位、权利义务、生存处境等基本状况,并进一步探讨了他们之间的相互关系、社会流变、社会表现,进而加深了对整个金代社会历史了解。本文包括六部分: 第一章导论。从理论的角度界定了等级和阶级的不同,探讨了研究等级结构在研究古代社会历史中的特殊性和重要性。从方法的角度提出了研究等级结构应注意强调法律地位和权利义务的研究,应借鉴社会学、法律学的研究方法。第二章贵族。划分了贵族各阶层,描述了他们的政治、经济特权。对贵族间的矛盾斗争作了性质上的分析。客观评价了贵族在金初的特殊贡献,及历史成因。第三章品官。表述了各级品官所承担的职务、职长和所享受的待遇,总结了其中的特点。对品官的来源、品官的迁转,以及国家对品官的管理制度作了必要的考察。对汉官在金代社会政治生活中的表现,给予了充分肯定。对当时各机构中的吏员阶层进行尝试性研究,首次揭示了金代吏员的基本状况。第四章平民。对社会各种职业的平民的法律地位和权利义务进行了分别表述。对女真农业平民贫困化的原因作了补充分析,指出女真农业平民的贫困化绝不单纯是生活的堕落,而是由于掠夺战争的结束,及封建因素的影响,使传统奴隶制的生产方式走向破产造成的,这种破产来源于两个“不足”,一是劳动力的补充不足,一是土地的补充不足。同时,讨论了汉族农业平民的贫困的特殊原因。最后,对国家的解困政策和措施进行了分析评价。第五章奴婢。对金代奴婢进行了类别划分,对各类奴婢的身份差别进行了辨析。在辨析过程中,纠正了前人的错误认识,如认为监户的来源有奴婢;把官户的劳作混同于宫中工匠等。对“奴婢户”这个学术界普遍认为不存在的户类作了推断,认为“奴婢户”作为国家奴婢是存在的,并且数量很大。本部分还以奴婢为切入点,讨论了金代的社会性质,认为金代在章宗朝以前是两种社会形态并存,女真人本身的社会形态还保持着奴隶制,到章宗朝这种“二元体制”才开始向“一元体制”过度,并最终完成。第六章金代社会等级结构的主要特征。通过与辽代、元代相比较,概括了金代社会等级结构的两个明显的特征:一是社会等级中虽然民族差异表现明显,但尚未达到辽代、元代那样的程度;二是金代虽然也信奉佛教,但始终没有形成僧侣贵族阶层。对于这两种现象,本文分析认为,第一点与女真人本身也是农耕文化类型有关。第二点与防止宗教惑乱民众的政治目的和推崇儒学的文化取向,以及女真人的萨满教信仰有关。通过这六部分的系统研究,我们获得了对整个金代社会等级状况的全面的认识。当然,本文还很不成熟,所列问题的表述和分析还很不到位,有些问题尚未提及。这都需要作进一步深入研究。关键词:金代、社会等级、法律身份、权利义务。
[Abstract]:This paper, based on the social class structure of the Jin Dynasty, introduced the basic conditions of the status, the rights and the rights and obligations and the survival situation of all classes of the Jin Dynasty, and further discussed the relationship between them, the social development and the social performance. And further, the historical understanding of the whole golden generation society is deepened. This article includes six parts: In the first chapter, from the perspective of the theory, the differences of the class and the class are defined, and the structure of the research level in the study of the ancient social history is discussed. The particularity and importance of the study grade structure from the angle of the method should pay attention to the study of the legal status and the rights and obligations, and should draw on the sociology, The Study of Legal Studies Methods. Chapter II, the nobles. The aristocrats were divided. All walks of life describe their political and economic privileges. On the basis of the analysis of the contradiction between the nobles, the objective evaluation The nobles at the beginning of the golden age The special contribution, and the cause of history. Chapter 3. Article 3. Expression of all levels of product The duties, the length of the service and the treatment enjoyed by the official, and the characteristics of them are summarized. The transfer of the official, as well as the management system of the state-to-product officer, made the necessary examination To make full recognition of the performance of the Han official in the political life of the Jin Dynasty. The level of the Marines is to be In the first time, the basic condition of the Jin Dynasty was revealed. Chapter four civilians. The legal status and the rights and obligations of the civilians in various occupations of the society are stated separately. The causes of the poverty of the women's real agricultural civilians are analyzed, and it is pointed out that the poverty of the women's real agricultural civilians is not simply the degradation of life, but due to the fact that The end of the plundering war, and the influence of the feudal factors, caused the mode of production of the traditional slavery to the bankruptcy, which originated from two "trunks>" def. Efficiency ", the first is the labor force In addition, the shortage of land is not enough. At the same time, the Han Dynasty is discussed. family-based The special causes of poverty. Finally, the policy and measures to solve the problem of the state are analyzed and evaluated. In the fifth chapter, the author makes a distinction between the different types of serfdom and the identity of all kinds of serfdom. In the course of the analysis, the author has corrected the misconception of the predecessors, such as the view that the source of the supervisor is a slave, the labor of the official family is mixed with the craftsman of the palace, etc. There is a general agreement in the "a slave of a family" that there is no account in the academic field, and it is considered that < This part also discusses the social nature of the Jin Dynasty as the entry point of the serfdom, and thinks that the Jin Dynasty is the two kind of social form in the former, and the social form of the real person is still the slavery, to the "trunk" and "binary system" Start to

"univ The main characteristics of the structure of the social hierarchy of the Jin Dynasty are summarized in this paper. The structure of the social hierarchy of the Jin Dynasty is summarized by comparison with the Liao Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. Two distinct features: one is the social class Although the difference of the ethnic group is obvious, it has not reached the same degree as the Liao Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, and the second is the Jin Dynasty. In this case, that first point is the same as that of a woman. The body is also related to the type of farming culture. The second point is to prevent the political purpose of the people and to promote the Confucianism. The cultural orientation, as well as the shamanism of a woman's life. It's through the six. partial system It's a study. We've got the whole gold. A comprehensive understanding of the status of the generation of society.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K246.4

【引证文献】