明代赋役制度改革和社会转型

发布时间：2019-08-05 22:10

【摘要】：正一改革因社会财富再分配的矛盾引发封建田赋是实物地租的再分配,徭役是劳役地租的再分配。明前期这两种再分配的矛盾双方是封建王朝和私人地主。赋役制度的改革就是因双方矛盾逐步尖锐而引发。其时,矛盾焦点在江南,赋役制度改革也就始发于此。改革从田赋征收开始。宣德四年(1429年),宣宗下诏江南官田改科减征:每亩旧例纳粮1斗至4斗者减十之二,4斗1升至1石以上者减十之三(万历《明会典》卷一七《户部四·田土》,万有文库本)。五年,周忱巡抚江南,贯彻宣宗诏令。该诏令在江南贯彻执行的成效不一,执行得最好的是苏州府,但如常州府江阴县几乎没有贯彻(唐文基:《明代赋役制度史》,中国社会科学出版社1991年版,第92~93页)。宣德六年,周忱又实施"平米"法,以深化改革。平米是正粮和耗米的合称。明制,各地
[Abstract]:Because of the contradiction of social wealth redistribution, feudal land tax is the redistribution of physical land rent, and corvee is the redistribution of labor government rent. The contradiction between the two kinds of redistribution in the early Ming Dynasty was the feudal dynasty and the private landlord. The reform of the service system is triggered by the gradual sharp contradiction between the two sides. At that time, the focus of contradiction was in the south of the Yangtze River, and the reform of the service system began here. The reform began with the collection of land taxes. Xuande four years (1429), Xuanzong zhao Jiangnan official and field reform department reduced recruitment: one to four fights per mu of old grain, 4 buckets 1 rose to more than 1 stone minus ten third (Wanli < Ming Dynasty Dian > volume 17 < household department four fields soil >, universal library this). Five years, Zhou Chen governor of the south of the Yangtze River, the implementation of Xuanzong edict. The implementation of the edict in the south of the Yangtze River has different results, the best implementation is Suzhou, but for example, Jiangyin County, Changzhou prefecture, has hardly implemented it (Tang Wenji: history of the Ming Dynasty Fujia system, China Social Science Publishing House, 1991, p. 92-93). Xuande six years, Zhou Chen also implemented the "square rice" law, in order to deepen the reform. Square rice is a combination of regular grain and rice consumption. Ming system, all over the world
【作者单位】：福建师范大学社会历史学院;
【分类号】：K248

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