从五斗米道、少年、游侠看三张的政治分野

发布时间：2019-08-15 11:01

【摘要】：东汉末年,张角同张鲁、张燕分别领导的三支武装力量,形式上虽有许多相似之处,但形同而实异。由于各自的出身、立场不同,三张走的是两条路。张角利用太平道发动黄巾农民起义,以他为首的广大黄巾军将士,前赴后继,慷慨殉难,显示了崇高的气节,张角不愧是杰出的农民领袖。而出身道教世家的张鲁是五斗米教主,其代表豪强大族的利益,在汉中建立了政教合一的政权,同黄巾军毫无瓜葛。率领百万黑山军的张燕则是一个"少年"和游民首领,虽然与东汉统治者也有一定矛盾,但毕竟没有根本的利害冲突,张燕起兵无非是为了浑水摸鱼,而不是要推翻东汉王朝的统治。张鲁、张燕先是武装割据,后又积极参与军阀战争,并以自己手中的军事实力为资本,投降东汉朝廷与曹操,以曹魏功臣而终其身,二人可谓殊途而同归。
[Abstract]:At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the three armed forces led by Zhang Jiao, Zhang Lu and Zhang Yan respectively had many similarities in form, but they were different in shape and reality. Due to their respective origins and different positions, the three paths are two ways. Zhang Jiao used Taiping Road to launch the Yellow towel peasant uprising, led by him, the broad yellow towel army, successive, generous martyrdom, showed lofty demeanor, Zhang Jiao deserves to be an outstanding peasant leader. Zhang Lu, who came from a Taoist family, is the master of the five fighting rice, which represents the interests of the strong and powerful clan. He established a regime of unity of politics and religion in Hanzhong, which has nothing to do with the Huangtuan army. Zhang Yan, who led the million Black Mountain Army, was a "teenager" and a Traveller leader. Although he also had some contradictions with the rulers of the Eastern Han Dynasty, after all, there was no fundamental conflict of interests. Zhang Yan started the army nothing more than to fish in troubled waters, not to overthrow the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhang Lu, Zhang Yan, first armed secession, and then actively participated in the warlord war, and with their own military strength as the capital, surrender to the Eastern Han Dynasty court and Cao, Cao Wei meritorious minister and his body, the two can be said to return in the same way.
【作者单位】：上海大学历史系;
【基金】：上海大学“211工程”第四期资助项目
【分类号】：K234.1;D691

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