从华夏边缘到民族边疆：近代青海河湟地区社会文化变迁研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 01:14

  本文关键词：从华夏边缘到民族边疆：近代青海河湟地区社会文化变迁研究　出处：《陕西师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 青海河湟地区 华夏边缘 民族边疆 内地化 近代化

【摘要】：青海河湟地区是指青海日月山以东,祁连山以南,西宁四区三县、海东地区以及青海海南、黄南等地。自古以来,这一地区即是少数民族聚居之地。先秦至民国时期,青海河湟地区的社会文化属性经历了从华夏边缘到民族边疆的变迁过程,在这一过程中,内地化是变迁的主流,也是促进这一地区社会文化各项事业进步的主要动力。先秦至清代前中期,青海河湟地区经历了从一个生态的、文化的独立地区到华夏边缘的漫长发展过程,在这一历史过程中,华夏边缘的社会文化属性赋予这一地区特殊的政治、经济及文化面貌。两汉以来,这一地区进入内地化的历史阶段,中原地区的政治制度、经济生活及文化因素对青海河湟地区持续地产生影响,而在内生的地方秩序的长期影响下,地方性文化因素也影响着这一地区的社会文化发展进程。此后,中央王朝对青海河湟地区社会文化进程的影响逐步深化,而中央王朝在青海河湟地区行政力量的扩张与收缩过程即是王朝国家与地方秩序的角力过程。在这一过程中,中原华夏与民族边缘地区之间的社会文化也经历着冲突与融会,而持续进行的内地化过程,使当地社会文化诸方面受到中原社会文化诸因素的影响。作为内生地方秩序的承载体,历史上,西羌、鲜卑、吐谷浑、吐蕃(藏族)、蒙古、回族、土族等民族皆对青海河湟地区的历史演进产生重要影响。在上述因素的共同作用下,青海河湟地区形成具有华夏边缘的社会文化属性,其在社会文化内在结构及其外在形式上具有多元性的文化特质,且在政治、经济及文化上具有鲜明的边缘性特征。华夏边缘的社会文化属性既为这一地区的内地化提供了一定的空间,同时又以地方性的社会文化因素制约着内地化的进一步深化与拓展,从而使内地化进程成为一个可逆的、不确定的社会发展方向。近代以来,青海河湟地区的内地化进程加速,其社会文化诸项事业的进步突出表现在内地化与近代化的双重变奏,西方化的因素也伴随着近代化进程影响着青海河湟社会文化的近代建构,同时,一些地方性社会文化因素仍然存续,在这些因素的共同作用下,青海河湟地区形成了民族边疆的社会文化属性。从民族边疆社会文化因素的形成动因看,晚清以来,随着中央政权对青海河湟统治的深化,这一地区作为民族边疆的社会文化属性得以确立,特别是青海建省及国民政府时期的县制改革,既促使了这一地区在政治上与内地的均质化,同时也进一步突显出这一地区作为民族边疆的特殊性;在近代民族主义思潮的影响下,特别是抗战以来民族国家理念的传播,加速了青海河湟地区意识形态的均质化进程,同时一些地方性文化观念在民族主义思潮形成的社会大背景下更加突现出来;近代以来,人口迁徙和商贸活动的影响进一步促进了青海河湟地区与内地的联系,共同成为民族边疆社会文化属性得以确立的重要动因,而原有的人口结构与独具特色的商贸活动,也使这一地区作为民族边疆的社会文化属性得以深化。民族边疆社会文化属性的确立还体现在近代国民的塑造、近代教育的兴起及社会生活的近代化等方面,这些因素既是形成新的社会文化属性的动因,也是这一社会文化属性导致的结果。在上述诸因素的共同作用下,近代以来,青海河湟地区的内地化已是一个不可逆的历史过程,也是这一地区社会文化发展与进步的主要动力源泉。当然,也应当看到,青海河湟地区的近代化在促进边疆地区发展、进步的同时,也受到诸如保甲制度复兴等逆近代化因素的一些影响,加之一些与近代化过程背道而驰的内生地方秩序的干扰、影响,河湟地区的近代化发展步伐显得艰难、迟缓。此外,我国的近代化过程很大程度上受到西方社会的影响,因此,近代化过程伴随着西方化的历程,这一点也有青海河湟社会文化近代化过程中有所体现。从近代以来青海河湟地区政治结构、商贸经济、医疗卫生、教育、文娱、体育、饮食等内地化、近代化的进程看,这一时期社会文化也可用"变"与"不变"的二元对立关系加之总结,其中,"变"特指的是由内地化引发的该地区社会文化的发展与进步,而"不变"则既指受地方秩序影响或某些利益团体的阻碍而使地方社会文化处于滞后的状态,也包括客观存在的一些地方性文化因素。"变"代表了事物发展的一般性规律,而"不变"则指事物的特殊性。在民族边疆社会文化发展过程中,"不变"的因素还突出地代表了少数民族文化中的传统惯性因素。在青海河湟社会文化发展、变化的历史长河中,"变"代表了这一地区前进的动力与方向。总之,从青海河湟地区社会文化的内在结构、发展趋势及未来走向看,内地化是青海河湟地区进步与发展的必由之路。
[Abstract]:Huang Qinghai River region refers to the Qinghai mountain east, south of Qilian Mountains, three counties and four district of Xining, Haidong Prefecture and Qinghai Hainan, Huangnan and other places. Since ancient times, the region is inhabited by ethnic minorities. In pre Qin Dynasty to the Republic of China, the social and cultural attributes of Hehuang areas in Qinghai has experienced from the edge to the Chinese the change process of national frontiers, in this process, the mainland is the change of the mainstream, is the main driving force to promote social progress and cultural undertakings in this area. From pre Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty before the mid, Qinghai Hehuang area experienced from an ecological, cultural independent region to the edge of the long development process of China, in this historical process, the Chinese social and cultural attributes give special political edge in this area, the economic and cultural features. Since the Han Dynasty, the region entered the historical stage of the mainland, the Central Plains region of the political system, economy Influence of cultural factors on the life and continues to have an area of Huangshui River in Qinghai, while the long-term effect, place order, local cultural factors also affect the social and cultural development of the region. Since then, the central dynasty of social culture in the process of Hehuang area of Qinghai River influence gradually deepened, and the process of expansion and contraction the central government in the administrative area of Huangshui River in Qinghai power is the process of struggle Dynasty state and local order. In this process, between Huaxia and ethnic area social culture is also experiencing conflict and reconciliation, the mainland of the ongoing, the local social and cultural aspects affected by social factors in Central Plains the cultural carrier, as the endogenous local order history, Xiqiang, Xianbei, Tuyuhun, Tibetan (Tibetan), Mongolia, Hui, Tu nationality of Hehuang area of Qinghai river of the historical evolution of production Have an important influence. Under the combined effects of these factors, Qinghai Hehuang area in the formation of social and cultural attributes with Chinese social culture in the edge of the inner structure and outer with diverse cultural characteristics in form, and in politics, has the characteristics of the edge of the distinctive features of the economy and culture. The social and cultural attributes of Chinese edge is this area of the mainland provides some space, but also to the social and cultural factors of restricting the further deepening and development of the mainland, so the Mainland become a reversible process, the direction of social development is uncertain. In recent years, the mainland of Qinghai Hehuang region accelerated process the social and cultural progress, the cause of the outstanding performance in the mainland of the double variation and modernization, western factors are also associated with the process of modernization has influence on the generation and construction of Qinghai Hehuang culture, At the same time, some local social cultural factors still exist, under the combined effect of these factors, Qinghai Hehuang area formed a social and cultural attribute. From the late Qing Dynasty national minority formation reason, minority social and cultural factors, with the central government of Qinghai Hehuang rule deepen, this region as a social and cultural attribute the national border has been established, especially the reform of county of Qinghai province and the national government period, which contributed to the mainland and the political homogenization in this area, but also further highlights the region as a special ethnic frontier; in the influence of modern nationalism, especially the dissemination of ideas the national war has accelerated the process of homogenization of ideology Huang area of the Qinghai River, the social background and some local culture in the formation of nationalism thoughts more prominent In modern times, the influence of population migration; and business activities to further promote the area of Huangshui River in Qinghai and the mainland, to become an important cause of ethnic frontier social and cultural attributes can be established, and the population structure of the original and unique business activities, making this area as a social and cultural attribute of the national border deepened the establishment of national border. The social and cultural attributes is also reflected in the shaping of modern national modernization, and other aspects of modern education and the rise of social life, these factors is the formation of social and cultural attributes of the new dynamics, but also the social and cultural attributes of the result. In the interaction of the above factors, since modern times. Qinghai Hehuang area of the mainland is an irreversible historical process, the main source of power is the area of social and cultural development and progress. Of course, should also see To Qinghai, Hehuang area modernization in border areas to promote the development and progress at the same time, but also by such as the revival of inverse influence the Baojia system modernization factors, and some with the process of modernization in order draw further apart the interference effect, the pace of development in Hehuang area is difficult, slow. In addition, the process of modernization of our country has a great influence in the western society, therefore, the modernization process with the process of Westernization, this also have reflected Qinghai Hehuang culture modernization process. From the political structure, area of Huangshui River in Qinghai since modern commercial economy, health and education. Entertainment, sports, food and other inland, the process of modernization, the two oppositions in this period of social culture can also be used to "change" and "change" in summary, the "change" which is the area from the mainland of the The development and progress of social culture, and "the same" refers to the local order or influence of some interest groups hinder the local social culture is lagging behind the state, including some local cultural factors exist objectively. "Change" on behalf of the general law of development of things, and "the same" refers to the particularity of things. In the process of development of national minority culture, "change" factors also highlight on behalf of minority culture in the traditional inertia factor in Qinghai Hehuang social and cultural development, change history, "change" represents the momentum and direction in this area. In short, from the internal structure of social culture Huang area of the Qinghai River, the development trend and future trend, the mainland is the progress of the Qinghai River and the only way which must be passed in the area of development.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K25
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本文编号：1385662