建国后新疆自然灾害及救助研究（1949-1977年）

发布时间：2018-01-11 12:08

本文关键词：建国后新疆自然灾害及救助研究（1949-1977年）　出处：《新疆大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新疆位于我国西北边陲,其特殊的地理环境和自然条件造就了新疆是一个自然灾害多发区。建国以后,灾情仍很严重。各种自然灾害对广大人民的生命财产造成重大的损失。但是,在新中国的社会主义制度下,政府开展社会救灾,全区各级政府领导人民群众与自然灾害作斗争,并在防御自然灾害方面做出了一定的努力,使灾害给人民造成的损失减轻到最小,灾民的基本生活得到保障,农牧业生产得到恢复与发展。本文的研究内容主要包括五个部分;第一部分概述1949年—1977年新疆自然灾害状况及损失。对新疆水、旱、冻、雹、风、虫、鼠、地震等诸多自然灾害做了分析,并阐述其对新疆农牧业及人所造成的影响。第二部分分析1949年—1977年新疆自然灾害致灾因素。自然因素主要从新疆地理位置、气候条件、降水分布和地貌概况等方面进行分析。社会因素主要从建国前对自然环境破坏的延续,建国初对灾害严重性的认识不足,以及当时的社会背景等方面分析。第三部分梳理了建国初期灾害救助思想方针,新疆救灾机构的设立及变化,并凸显救灾过程中的主体力量及具体救灾步骤。第四部分论述新疆灾害救助工作开展的措施,探讨这一时期内新疆政府主要采取拨发救济粮款,增设义仓、保畜修圈来救助灾民。民间开展农牧民互助,有效弥补了政府救灾的不足。组织广大灾民生产自救,恢复农牧业生产,发展副业这些措施有效配合政府解决灾民问题。第五部分肯定建国后新疆自然灾害救助工作成效的同时,对救助过程中存在的问题进行探讨,并总结经验得出教训。为今后的新疆灾害救助工作提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang is located in the northwestern border of China, its special geographical environment and natural conditions make Xinjiang a natural disaster prone area, after the founding of the people's Republic of China. The disaster is still very serious. All kinds of natural disasters have caused great losses to the lives and property of the people. However, under the socialist system of New China, the government has carried out social disaster relief. Governments at all levels in the region have led the people to fight against natural disasters and have made certain efforts to prevent natural disasters so that the losses caused by disasters are minimized and the basic livelihood of the victims is guaranteed. Agriculture and animal husbandry production has been restored and developed. The first part summarizes the situation and loss of natural disasters in Xinjiang from 1949 to 1977. It analyzes many natural disasters, such as water, drought, freezing, hail, wind, insects, mice, earthquakes and so on. The second part analyzes the natural disasters in Xinjiang from 1949 to 1977. Natural factors mainly from the geographical location of Xinjiang, climate conditions. The distribution of precipitation and geomorphology are analyzed. The social factors are mainly from the continuation of natural environment damage before the founding of the people's Republic of China, and the lack of understanding of the severity of disasters at the beginning of the founding of the country. As well as the social background and other aspects of the analysis. The third part combed the early days of the founding of the disaster relief ideology and guidelines, the establishment and changes of disaster relief agencies in Xinjiang. And highlights the main force in the disaster relief process and the specific steps of disaster relief. Part 4th discusses the measures of Xinjiang disaster relief work in this period the Xinjiang government mainly take the allocation of relief food funds to create a warehouse. Livestock repair ring to help the victims. Folk farmers and herdsmen to help each other, effectively make up for the lack of government disaster relief, organize the majority of the victims production to help themselves, restore agricultural and animal husbandry production. The development of sideline measures effectively cooperate with the government to solve the problem of disaster victims. Part 5th affirms the effectiveness of natural disaster relief work in Xinjiang after the founding of the people's Republic of China, and probes into the problems in the relief process at the same time. Summing up the experience and drawing lessons for future disaster relief work in Xinjiang to provide reference.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K27

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